Ádám Ábrahám

6723, Szeged

Csorba u 11/a, Hungary

abraham.adam.85@gmail.com

The Image of Attila in the Hungarian Historiography of the 17th–18th centuries

The reception of the historical image of Attila, the Great King of the Huns is in the crossfire of contradictions. In the introductory I would like to outline the previous historian images, especially the medieval chronicles and the humanists. These historian images stand out in sharp contrast to the Jesuits because the above mentioned early historians regarded Attila as a glorious progenitor. In the main part I intend to speak about four historians. The first is Ferenc Otrokocsi Fóris, in whom the Protestant and the Catholic prehistorian knowledges were combined. The second is György Pray SJ, who firstly used Chinese sources in connection with our history. Thirdly I will mention Ferenc Palma SJ, and at last István Katona SJ, who wrote a memorial speach about King István the Saint, drawing a parallel with Attila. Through these historians, my purpose is to show the eclipse of the image of Attila, because the Jesuits preferred King István, the great founder of the Hungarian church, not the pagan Hunnic king.

Hans Aili

Department of French, Italian, and Classical Languages

Stockholm University

10691 Stockholm

hans.aili@klassiska.su.se

Jonas Matsson Locnaeus, 1694, and Eric Roland, 1697: Two Latin Dissertations on China

Two Latin dissertations published at Uppsala University demonstrate an early interest in China among Swedish academics: Murus Sinensis (1694) by Jonas Locnaeus is a 24-page monograph on the Chinese Wall; De magno Sinarum imperio (1697), by Eric Roland is a 59-page dissertation on the Chinese Empire.

Neither author had visited China but depended on reports by European travellers or Jesuit missionaries, such as Johann Becman, Philip Cluver, Athanasius Kircher, Jan Huygen van Lintschoten, Martino Martini, Juan González de Mendoza, Andreas Müller, Johan Nieuhof, Nicolas Sanson D'Abbeville, Niklaas Trigault, and others, translating their reports into Latin.

Locnaeus's dissertation is a treatise on a set subject showing little evidence of a personal interest in China; Roland's thesis, wider in scope, demonstrates interest in the history, geography and politics of China.

These dissertations should probably not be understood merely in the light of a growing interest in China but also as the employment of things Chinese as examples for a current discourse on military and political matters important to Swedish academics and the Swedish Crown.

This is a report on a work in progress, intended to result in a critical edition of the Latin text, an English translation, and a commentary.

Lorenzo Amato

via Buffalmacco 7

Florence, Italy

elitropia@yahoo.com

Francesco Albertini e l'Opusculum de mirabilibus novae et veteris urbis Romae (1510)

Francesco Albertini, fiorentino (m. 1517-1521), cappellano a Roma del Cardinale di Santa Sabina, interessato al mondo antico e all'arte, scrisse alcune opere che potremmo catalogare come protoguide. Assai celebre l'Opusculum de mirabilibus novae et veteris urbis Romae, pubblicato a Roma nel 1510 (per Iacobum Mazochium), e poi ristampato nel 1515 (Romae, per Iacobum Mazochium), nel 1519 (Basileae, Thomae Wolff) e nel 1520 (Lugduni, per Ioan. Marion). L'importanza dell'Opusculum sta nell'interesse che dimostra verso i diversi aspetti della Città Eterna (archeologico, sacro, moderno), per la prima volta indagati in una stessa opera. Nel mio contributo mi propongo di analizzare l'Opusculum dal punto di vista delle influenze letterarie, indagando quali fossero le fonti di notizie archeologiche più conosciute (a partire da Flavio Biondo), e dal punto di vista dell'influenza tipologica di libri come i Mirabilia urbis Romae che certo l'Albertini conosceva, e che certo reputava scientificamente poco corretti, ma che lasciarono traccia nell'impostazione e nel formato dell'Opusculum e delle altre guide dell'Albertini. L'interesse del contributo verterà soprattutto sull'analisi dell'importanza dell'Opusculum come momento di passaggio dalla protoguida di tipo popolareggiante (à la Mirabilia) a guide più informate e d'autore, come quelle di Andrea Fulvio (1513) e di Andrea Palladio (1554)

Patrick Baker

(Institution: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa)

Klosterstr. 14

27404 Osterheeslingen

Germany

baker@fas.harvard.edu

De viris illustribus and the Self-Conception of Italian Renaissance Humanism

The growing self-consciousness of Italian humanism as an established intellectual and literary movement provided the impetus for the revival of the De viris illustribus genre in the Renaissance. Beginning in the mid-fifteenth century, humanists such as Giannozzo Manetti, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, and Biondo Flavio immortalized their fellow enthusiasts of the studia humanitatis in a series of collective biographies; the tradition was carried forward into the mid-sixteenth century. These texts now stand as a kind of humanist hall of fame, and they provide one of the best indications of how participants in the movement viewed their own activity. This paper will review the various conceptions of humanism contained therein and will seek to account for continuity and change over time, specifically regarding intellectual origins and genealogy, registers of 'good' Latinity, the place and importance of virtue, and the status of classical antiquity vis-à-vis modern times, among others. Ultimately, the aim is to come closer to answering the question that seems to have eluded scholars ever since they first posed it: what was Italian Renaissance Humanism?

John Barry

Dept. of Classics

UCC.

j.barry@ucc.ie

Don Philip O'Sullivan Beare

Irish Neolatin writing was for the most part driven by controversy. There were three main issues: race, religion and politics - although these overlapped and intertwined in complex ways.

The racial question (who could claim to be Irish?) involved the native Irish, the Scots, the AngloNormans and the English in complicated and often acrimonious debate.

Religious controversy of course arose out of the tensions between reformationists and counter-reformationists, but became increasingly politicised.

Political controversy arose out of the zeal of Elizabeth I of England to complete the conquest of Ireland (begun in the 12th century) and out of the growth of the idea of Ireland as a sovereign Catholic state and not a province or dominion of England.

One of the most enthusiastic controversialists was Philip O'Sullivan Beare (c. 1590 – c. 1634). His works include titles like Zoilomastix, Tenebriomastix, and Archicornerigeromastix: in these he attacks various writers whom he considers to have belittled Ireland, its people or the Catholic religion. This paper aims to examine what light his writings can shed on the complexities of Irish identity.

Arnold Becker

Universität Bonn

Griechische und Lateinische Philologie

Am Hof 1

D-53113 Bonn

arnold.becker@uni-bonn.de

Ulrichs von Hutten Arminius: Mittel und Strategien einer gestifteten Tradition

Ulrich von Hutten (1488–1523) gilt nicht zuletzt aufgrund seiner zwischen 1517 und 1520 verfassten lateinischen Dialoge als wirkungsmächtiger Vertreter humanistischer Streitkultur, der den zeitgenössischen Diskurs in politisch-weltanschaulichen Fragen über die Ausprägung kollektiver Identitäten wesentlich mitgestaltet hat. Dies trifft insbesondere für die Rolle zu, die er bei der Ausprägung einer nationalen deutschen Identität in Abgrenzung von Italien, dem italienischen Humanismus und der römisch dominierten Kirche gespielt hat. Der Vortrag ist der Frage gewidmet, auf welche Mittel und Strategien Hutten in diesem Zusammenhang zurückgegriffen und wie er die von ihm aufgegriffenen Traditionslinien (darunter neben den Werken antiker und humanistischer Autoren auch Streitschriften aus dem Investiturstreit) funktionalisiert und zur Etablierung neuer Traditionen genutzt hat. Unter diesem Aspekt soll – genau 2000 Jahre nach der Varus-Schlacht – im Zentrum des Vortrags Huttens 1529 postum veröffentlichter und stark rezipierter Dialog Arminius stehen, jene nach dem Muster der Totengespräche Lukians in der Unterwelt angesiedelte Gerichtsverhandlung, in der Arminius von Hutten zum liberator Germaniae und zu einer gleichsam mythischen Gründungsfigur stilisiert wird.

Enikő Békés

Budapest

Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Literary Studies

Ménesi út 11-13, H-1118

pseudoenike@hotmail.com

Aurelio Lippo Brandolini's dialogue on tolerating illness

The paper aims at presenting a work of Aurelio Lippo Brandolini, entitled De humanae vitae conditione et toleranda corporis aegritudine, dedicated to King Matthias Corvinus. The author's more famous, politicophilosophical dialogue, the De comparatione rei publicae et regni has been analysed several times, but this other merits also our attention. Brandolini composed the dialogue in 1489, after King Matthias could not receive him due to his illness. The participants of the dialogue: the king, his wife Beatrix of Aragon, and Pietro Ransano – when discussing how to tolerate illness and pains – are also referring to ideas on human body and soul, which argumentation has a medical historical aspect as well. My intention is to analyse how Brandolini treats Renaissance ideas in the form of the platonic dialogue and how he contributes to the rebirth of this literary genre. The paper also aims at placing the work in the context of contemporary philosophical trends which formulated the intellectual life of the Buda-court to a great extent.

Christine Bénévent

Centre d'Études Supérieures de la Renaissance (UFR/UMR)

59, rue Néricault-Destouches BP 11328

F-37013 Tours Cedex

ch.benevent@free.fr

Des Barbares aux Cicéroniens, ou comment accommoder l'art de la dispute selon Erasme

En 1528, Erasme publie son Ciceronianus, qui déclenche des réactions violemment hostiles, non seulement en Italie, mais aussi dans d'autres pays d'Europe, en raison du « catalogue » qui, à l'issue du dialogue, passe en revue les savants les plus éminents de l'époque.

L'auteur du Liber antibarbarorum, si farouchement opposé aux théologiens scolastiques, s'en prend alors, d'une façon qui peut paraître soudaine, à des représentants de l'humanisme, non seulement à travers ce catalogue (dont il faudra mesurer la portée et les enjeux), mais aussi dans la dénonciation, sous le formalisme cicéronien, d'un retour masqué au paganisme.

Il s'agira donc d'étudier comment, à travers ce dialogue plein d'humour, la lutte antérieure contre les scolastiques cède la place à une dispute, interne à l'humanisme, entre les "chrétiens" et les autres. Dans cette perspective, l'examen de la correspondance d'Erasme permettra sans doute non seulement de mettre en lumière une « conversion » de l'art de la dispute, qui se métamorphose en fonction des adversaires, mais aussi de se demander si cette conversion n'est pas en germe bien avant 1528.

Maria Berggren

Department of Linguistics and Philology, Latin

Box 635

SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden

Maria.Berggren@lingfil.uu.se

Useful phrases and scientific terms: Examples from Emanuel Swedenborg's notebooks

Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772) is known as a Christian mystic and theologian, but less noted for his contributions to the fields of chemistry, geology and medicine. Owing to his reputation as a scientist, however, he became a member of the recently founded Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1741. At Swedenborg's death more than thirty years later, the main part of his surviving manuscripts were donated by the heirs to the Academy, where they still remain today.

The Swedenborg Archives at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences comprise mainly manuscripts of scientific and theological writings that were not published in Swedenborg's lifetime. A large part of the collection consists of material preparing for the greater works, such as excerpts and indexes, and also commonplace books.

In this paper some examples of the latter category will be discussed and analysed, namely codices 36 and 37, which include phraseological excerpts as well as lists of terms in anatomy and physiology, together with notes on philosophy and metaphysical concepts.

Maria Grazia Bistoni Grilli Cicilioni

Universita' degli studi di Perugia, Via Del Verzaro, 61

06100 – Perugia - Italy

codibist@libero.it - grazia.bistoni@unipg.it

Iusso e rogatio nel libro del predicatore.

Si presentano nel lavoro libri della produzione omiletica dal secolo della "parola nuova" a tutto il Cinquecento, con l'intento di coniugare l'interesse che ha lo studioso della predicazione per il testo ed il codicologo per il prodotto finito. Di fronte alla massiccia produzione di sermonari in latino che vede crescere sempre più il numero di prodotti censiti dal sec. XIII, si analizzano pertanto libri scritti "mandato urgente superioris...", richiesti dall'Ordine o dagli stessi frati, onde comprendere se iusso e rogatio, momenti fondamentali della genesi del documento pubblico e privato, condizionano anche forme di committenza libraria manifestata da abati, vescovi e frati.

La relazione sarà illustrata tramite documento video, riproducente manoscritti conservati presso biblioteche italiane e d'oltralpe.

Prof.dr. Jan Bloemendal

Huygens Institute (KNAW) and University of Amsterdam

Dpt. of Latin

Spuistraat 134

NL - 1012 VB Amsterdam

j.bloemendal@uva.nl

Latin and Vernacular Drama, especially in the Netherlands

The questions raised in the session theme about the relationships between Latin and Vernacular Drama, will be assessed in this paper with regard to context and function, form, and content. The paper will draw special attention to the Netherlands, but will also take the situation in Germany and England into account. One of the cases at stake will be the Everyman-theme. The original play was written in Dutch, and it was translated into Latin, English and German. We will see if the Polysystem Theory of Itamar Even Zohar may be of use for the analysis of the processes that are working in this literary traveling of a theme, or if the theory of literary fields by Bourdieu is a better tool for this.

Frans R.E. Blom

Univ. of Amsterdam, Faculty of Humanities, dept. of Dutch Language and Culture

Spuistraat 134

1012 VB Amsterdam

Netherlands

f.r.e.blom@uva.nl

The secrets of success. Career strategies in the literary works of Caspar Barlaeus

One of the pivotal literary operators in the cultural life of the Dutch Golden Age was the Neolatin writer and cultural critic Caspar Barlaeus (1584-1648). He was regarded as the paramount authority and intellectual zenith of his time, as he was involved in various matters of literary critiques, and in most cases decisive for his opinion. Furthermore, his own writings were appreciated as the most perfect examples of literary art, composed in whatever genre and for whatever occasion.

This papers topic will address Barlaeus' reception and innovation of the classical tradition in his literary works, answering the question why his literary productions at public occasions would outscore the works of others. What were the decisive literary techniques and strategies that led to his major status? The paper presents partial results of the Barlaeus research project, which applies the innovative methodology of career criticism in an integrated study of the entire literary production and correspondence of this great early modern author.

Mélanie Bost-Fievet

15 bis rue de Tolbiac

Paris 75013

E-MAIL: Melanie.Bost@ens.fr

Tableaux printaniers chez Salmon Macrin. L'éloge de François Ier: imitation et originalité

Le poète Jean Salmon Macrin (1490-1557) aspire souvent, dans ses vers, à fuir les tracas politiques. Mais au milieu des troubles, une figure se détache : celle de François Ier, grâce à qui les Muses et les Belles-Lettres sont revenues en France. Cette Renaissance prend les traits d'un printemps merveilleux, peuplé de figures mythologiques. Dans les Odes de 1530, les Lyriques de 1531 et les Hymnes de 1540, l'éloge du roi reprend des topiques empruntées à ses prédécesseurs : ce prince aimé des Muses et fondateur d'un nouvel âge d'or rappelle l'Auguste d'Horace ou de Virgile, le Domitien de Stace. Le panégyrique se double de la peinture de célébrations joyeuses dans un paysage refleurissant, et les loci amoeni dont Macrin l'orne rappellent eux aussi la tradition bucolique et élégiaque. Cependant, Macrin fait œuvre originale en donnant aux lieux peints et aux allégories qui les habitent une touche française, et même très personnelle. L'éloge de François Ier est plus qu'un exercice de style : le poète fait entrer son roi, et son temps, dans le mythe, tout en parant ce mythe d'un imaginaire intime.

Laurence Boulègue

Maître de conférences en latin et néo-latin, Université de Lille III - IUF

6 rue Rochebrune

75011 Paris

laurence.boulegue@free.fr

Le commentaire du De anima III de J. F. Pic de la Mirandole

Le commentaire sur le livre III du De anima de Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola s'inscrit dans la longue tradition antique, médiévale et renaissante des peri psuchê, particulièrement ancrée dans la philosophie péripatéticienne et scolastique. Au moment où paraît le traité de Pico, dans la seconde décennie du XVIe siècle, les temps sont troublés : se tient le concile du Latran, à l'origine de la fameuse bulle papale qui allait condamner ensemble les courants les plus contestataires envers les dogmes de l'Eglise que sont les écoles averroïste et alexandriste, et, en 1516, le célèbre De immortalitate animae de Pomponazzi allait faire scandale et susciter débats et controverses. Dans son commentaire, le philosophe chrétien sceptique offre, dans la forme et dans le fond, une profonde révision de la tradition des De anima autant qu'une analyse des débats contemporains entre les diverses inflexions du péripatétisme de son temps tout en marquant une étape importante dans l'évolution de sa propre pensée, de plus en plus radicale.

Ludwig Braun

Ditmarstrasse 19

D-60487 Frankfurt a. M.

ludwig.braun@mail.uni.wuerzburg.de

Rezeption als Grensfall: Innovation oder Plagiat?

Eine bewährte alte Regel legt fest, daß ein Verfasser lateinischer Verse zwar gut daran tut, auf antike Dichter als Muster zurückzugreifen, aber für jeweils eine Stelle nur halbe bis höchstens ganze Verse wörtlich übernehmen darf. Dagegen verstoßen in überraschender Weise so namhafte Dichter wie Stephanus Doletus und Andreas Gryphius in ihren Epen (1539 bzw. 1634/35) ohne weitere Hemmung, sie übernehmen ganze Versgruppen aus Vergil, Claudian und anderen. Ein anders gelagerter, aber doch ähnlicher Fall liegt in dem Bibelepos des Georgius Nicolasius (1590) vor, der nichts anderes als eine lateinische Paraphrase des Iuvencus gibt – ohne irgendwie darauf hinzuweisen. Von beiden Vorwürfen hält sich Paulus Didymus in seinem Josephs-Epos (1581) immerhin frei, verwendet aber ungeniert Motive und Formulierungen aus seinen beiden unmittelbaren Vorgängern Girolamo Fracastoro (um 1550) und Elias Corvinus (1568). In seiner praefatio bemerkt er zwar, daß er den antiken Dichtern, besonders Vergil und Ovid, viel verdankt, auf die Anregungen durch seine Zeitgenossen aber geht er mit keinem Wort ein.

In allen diesen Fällen handelt es sich eher um einfaches bis plumpes Abschreiben als um Rezeption.

Sylvia Brown

University of Alberta

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E5

sylvia.brown@ualberta.ca

"Estis cives sanctorum et domestici Dei": Learned women and the network of Protestant unity in sixteenth-century Europe

For a short period around the middle of the sixteenth century, the humanistic learning of a few privileged Protestant women became a means of linking together the various Reformation movements of Europe. My proposed paper will trace links between reformers and Protestant women Latinists, analysing the networks of connection across Europe traceable through surviving Latin correspondence, through the dedications to learned Protestant women of published work by male reformers, and, finally, through the personal scholarly projects (often translations into or from Latin) undertaken by the women themselves, which had as their ultimate goal the promotion of Protestant unity in Europe. The exchanges and patronage relations of Protestant, latinate monarchs like Elizabeth I of England or the Queens of Navarre with reformers have received some attention, but my focus will be on non-royal women like the Cooke sisters in England and Olympia Morata, an Italian Calvinist. I shall show that male reformers found the combination of these women's extraordinary learning and their 'ordinary' domestic or 'private' status useful as an informal, ostensibly apolitical route towards promoting Protestant unity in an increasingly divided Europe.

Elwira Buszewicz

Al. Slowackiego 41/4

Krakow

Poland

elwira.buszewicz@uj.edu.pl

The imitatio antiquorum as a key to discover senses. Sigismund III Vasa in Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski's laudatory ode (lyr II 22)

Jesuit poets used to imitate the ancient models in intricate manners. One of the numerous examples is the "Sarmatian Horace" - alias Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski - and his "Ode II. 22." The poem is a praise of King Sigismund III Vasa, the ruler dethroned by the Swedes and ambiguously thought of by the Poles themselves. His coronation in 1587 had excited some hopes among Polish gentry, and some enthusiastic poetical laudations appeared in which the authors applied traditional themes borrowed from Virgil (like the aurea aetas). Sarbiewski's ode, written more than 25 years later, depicts the king as a victorious and triumphant ruler. However, the main architect erecting the edifice of Sigismund's fame is the poet himself, consumed in a Bacchus-like frenzy. As soon as we try to analyse the construction of the poem, we discover the imitated models: the material which Sarbiewski adapts is Horace's ode Quo me Bacche rapis and Virgil's Georgics. Only in this context does the analysis enable us to read many important meanings of the text and avoid misreading. Thus the monarch's fame rises up before our eyes as an imposing monument, though built of ready-made elements borrowed from the classical tradition by a craftsman conscious of his powers – an artist who emphasises that earthly glory comes from some "great and magnificent fictions" that he creates. The Neo-Latin poet presents the birth and discovery of his Horatian style and says with his master: "dicam insigne, recens, adhuc indictum ore alio". Actually it means: "I'm going to tell the same that was told before, but in a completely different way."

Hélène Cazes

University of Victoria

Department of French

PO Box 3045 STN CSC

Victoria BC V8W 3P4

Canada

hcazes@uvic.ca

Amicorum Communia Omnia: circles of friends, commonplace books, and Erasmian ideals in some alba amicorum from XVIth century Leiden

As the edition of Erasmus'Adagia, in 1508, ostensibly puts friendship in the first rank of the first chiliades of adages (I, 1, 1 and 2), the Ciceronian tradition of officious and loyal friends finds a renewed fortune: although the Laelius had inspired and guided many a reader and a writer during the Middle Ages, the Erasmian ideal of learned circles of friends gave it personal, social and religious meanings, which were to be constitutive and essential parts of the so-called Northern humanistic culture or "late humanism".

Focusing on Bonaventura Vulcanius (1540-1614), and contrasting the formulas of friendship spelled out or commented by Erasmus (Adagia and De Copia) with the inscriptions offered by the humanist's friends, my paper will examine with precision the album amicorum maintained by Bonaventura from 1575 up until his death: an embodiment of and a claim to membership of the emerging Republic of letters, the collection of learned inscriptions (mainly in Latin and Greek) is to be understood as a continuing dialogue not only with other such collections and with correspondences, but also with the legacy of the Adagia, the tradition of commonplace and emblem books and the elaboration of new models for classical culture.

Sarah Charbonnier

PhD-student

Paris IV – Sorbonne

charbonn@clipper.ens.fr

Le poète vu par le peintre, le peintre vu par le poète à la cour de Léon X : réception et innovation

Sous son pontificat, le pape Léon X développe considérablement l'idéologie dite de la renovatio : la Rome moderne doit se montrer l'égale de celle d'Auguste en valorisant son héritage antique, et la dépasser par sa foi. Toutes les forces intellectuelles et artistiques sont mobilisées pour servir ce projet qui articule ingénieusement les questions de la réception et de l'innovation si essentielles à la Renaissance. J'étudierai cette idéologie de la renovatio dans une de ses manifestations secondaires : les transformations qu'elle induit sur l'image du peintre dans la poésie néo-latine et sur l'image du poète dans les arts. Dans la poésie néo-latine l'artiste contemporain, longtemps éclipsé par les célèbres exemples antiques affirme de plus en plus sa présence comme en témoigne l'anthologie des Coryciana. Dans les arts plastiques, la représentation traditionnelle en médaille ou à l'antique du poète laisse place à de véritables portraits modernes d'individus illustrant souvent le thème de l'amicitia humaniste. Dans les deux cas, l'héritage antique reçu est brillamment renouvelé mais sa forme persiste et continue d'affleurer, réalisant ainsi exactement la volonté du Pape.

Jean-Louis Charlet

U.F.R. ERLAOS, Université de Provence, Centre des lettres

29, Avenue Robert Schuman

F-13621 Aix-en-Provence, Cedex 1

charlet@mmsh.univ-aix.fr

Littérature et philologie dans quelques lettres de N. Perotti

Depuis François Pétrarque, le genre épistolaire est l'un des genres les plus féconds de l'humanisme latin et de toute la littérature européenne. A propos du cas particulier de N. Perotti (Sassoferrato 1430-1480) et en relation avec une entreprise collective et internationale d'édition de toute la correspondance de cet humaniste, on étudiera comment peuvent se concilier dans les mêmes lettres (en particulier la lettre à Giacomo Costanzi, la lettre à Guarnieri, deux lettres philologiques au cardinal Ammannati et une lettre à Pomponio Leto) les préoccupations érudites (philologiques notamment) propres à la lettre - traité et le souci de l'élégance du style caractéristique de la lettre littéraire destinée à la postérité.

Dr. Marian Ciuca

(formerly University of Bucharest, Romania

Department of Classics)

presently at the Downe House School

Hermitage Road, Cold Ash, Thatcham

Berkshire RG18 9JJ, United Kingdom

ciucam@downehouse.net

Historia Misisionis Moldavicae Societatis Jesu. The unpublished chronicle of the Jesuit mission in Moldavia and its importance

The Jesuit Mission in Moldavia started in 1588. This episode concerning both the ecclesiastical and the political history of early modern Moldavia, as well as the history of the Society of Jesus and the activity of the Papal diplomacy in the final decades of the xvith century, is virtually unknown in the historiography of the Catholic Reform. Our view takes into account the historical and political context of the mission and in particular the parallels that correlate it with other details of contemporary European history.

The chronicle of the mission, which was restarted in the mid-seventeenth century and continued to activate until the suppression of the Old Company, is also important for the insights it offers into a new direction taken by the Moldavian historiography at the beginning of the xviiith century.

Our research is based on original documents, some of which are still inedita, from the Archive of the Society of Jesus in Krakow, and the General Archives of the Jesuit Order in Rome.

John Considine

Department of English

3-5 Humanities Centre

University of Alberta

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E5

john.considine@ualberta.ca

Language and political thought in Salmasius 'De Hellenistica commentarius'

The dispute between Claudius Salmasius and Daniel Heinsius as to whether the Septuagint and the New Testament were written in a distinctive lingua Hellenistica gave rise to Salmasius' 'De Hellenistica commentarius' of 1643. This work is a milestone in the historiography of Greek and an important source for the best thought of the period on the relationship of languages. Salmasius did not, however, only write books about philology and the ancient world: his monarchist 'Defensio regia pro Carolo I', on the execution of Charles I of England, is a particularly important example of his polemical writings on government and on Christianity.

This paper will discuss the relationship of Salmasius' philological thought as expressed in the 'De Hellenistica commentarius' with his political thought as expressed in the 'Defensio regia' and elsewhere. It will ask how his ideas on the unity of ancient Greek relate to his ideas about monarchical government, and how his understanding of the development of languages relates to his understanding of the development of political and religious institutions. It will therefore suggest ways in which the achievement of an extremely prolific neo-Latin author can be seen as thematically unified.

Claudia Corfiati

Dipartimento di Italianistica

Università degli studi di Bari

Palazzo Ateneo – Piazza Umberto I, 1

70123 BARI (Italy)

c.corfiati@lettere.uniba.it

Il Principe e la Fortuna: note sul De varietate fortunae di Tristano Caracciolo

Le vicende del declino del Regno Aragonese nel Mezzogiorno e dell'instaurazione del Viceregno spagnolo suggeriscono all'intellettuale napoletano Tristano Caracciolo amare considerazioni sulla precarietà della fortuna e insieme una scrittura che coagula nell'immagine della parabola biografica e politica di un Principe, disegnata attraverso rapidi essenziali cenni, il significato stesso della Storia. All'interno della ormai cospicua tradizione di trattati De varietate fortunae l'opera del Caracciolo si presenta come la rappresentazione di un mondo in declino e dell'instabilità della sorte che sembra colpire chi ha raggiunto la vetta della Fortuna.

L'interesse nei confronti di queste pagine è duplice: da una parte vi è l'indagine, ancora tutta da fare, sulle fonti storiche. Su molti avvenimenti di cui parla, il Caracciolo ebbe un'informazione diretta e la sua scrittura potrebbe rappresentare, qualora fosse messa al vaglio del confronto con altri testimoni, un documento attendibile. L'analisi poi dei riferimenti agli autori classici e cristiani de fortuna presenti nel trattato serve a conoscere meglio la sua formazione che fu – come lui stesso dichiara – tarda e da autodidatta, ma profondamente ispirata alla passione per le humanae litterae, e a tratteggiare un ritratto più nitido di un personaggio del Rinascimento napoletano per lungo tempo trascurato dalla critica.

Jean-François Cottier

Université de Montréal (Québec – Canada)

2023, Rue Panet #6

H2L 3A4 Montréal (Qc)

CANADA

jf.cottier@umontreal.ca

Le latin en Nouvelle-France : état de la question et perspectives de recherche

Partant du constat de J. Ijsewijn (CNLS, 1, 1990, p. 287) que « the history of Latin in Canada has never been written », ma communication aimerait dresser un premier bilan des textes latins produits dans le contexte de la Nouvelle-France (1534-1760). Ce bilan permettra d'offrir un premier catalogue raisonné de tous les textes à notre disposition, tout en servant de base de réflexion pour les perspectives de recherche en ce domaine. La seconde partie de l'exposé présentera l'exemple des Historiae Canadensis, seu Novae-Franciae libri decem, ad anum usque Christi MDCLVI, publiées à Paris chez S. Cramoisy en 1664 par le Père jésuite François Du Creux (Creuxius). Ce premier récit historique relate les débuts de la Nouvelle-France et peut être comparé aux relations contemporaines en vernaculaire, cette comparaison permettant de réfléchir à la fois à la composition de l'ensemble et à la question de l'invention lexicale en latin. Enfin, on s'interrogera sur la réception d'un tel ouvrage, et sur la fonction sociale et culturelle de la langue latine dans le contexte de la Nouvelle-France.

Mark Crane

Nipissing University

100 College DR.

North Bay, Ontario

Canada

markc@nipissingu.ca

Agrippa the Lutheran, Luther the sceptic: A Paris theologian's condemnation of Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's De incertitudine et vanitate scientiarum, 1531

This paper discusses a little-known response to Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's De incertitudine et vanitate scientiarum by the Paris theologian Jerome de Hangest in 1531. Hangest was one of the leading polemicists of the Paris faculty of theology against Martin Luther in the first two decades of the Reformation. His response to Agrippa (though Agrippa is not named) appeared as a chapter in his work in defence of universities, De academiis in Lutherum, published immediately after the Paris faculty of theology condemned certain passages in Agrippa's book. This paper argues that unlike the official faculty condemnation, which highlights passages which are critical of church practices, Hangest attempts to conflate the sceptical tone of Agrippa's work with the works of Luther. Though disingenuous, Hangest's response reveals one of the basic strategies of Catholic anti-Lutheran polemic—namely to convince readers that Lutheranism was intellectually barren.

Robert M. Cummings

University of Glasgow

Department of English Literature

5 University Gardens, Room 407

Glasgow G12 8QQ

Scotland, UK

"Diversis edere verba sonis": Thomas Watson's English voices

Watson is the most ostentatiously echoic and self-consciously polyglot of early modern English poets. In his own day he was rated extravagantly as a Latin poet, "whose Amintas and translated Antigone," as Robert Greene had it, "may march in equipage of honour, with any of our ancient Poets." His Latin verse briefly attracted translations that were only ambiguously successful . Ben Jonson characterised Abraham Fraunce as a fool for attempting his generally more than well regarded English hexameter version of Watson's Amyntas (1587, revised 1591); Dana Sutton's edition of Watson's Complete Works (1996) declined to print Watson's own 1590 version of Meliboeus along with the Latin original because of its inadequacy as a translation. John Trussel offered a partial translation of Amyntae Gaudia (1594), "not unmeet," he thought, "to be clothed in an English suit," but now neglected. This paper considers how, around 1590, English poetry met the challenge of contemporary Latin poetry.

This paper forms part of the special session Nupta aut Domina? Latin and the vernacular in Renaissance England.

Elena Dahlberg

Department of Linguistics and Philology

Uppsala University

elena.petoukhova@lingfil.uu.se

Reusing Horace

The reuse of Classical Latin authors was a part of every Neo-Latin poet's work. Magnus Rönnow (1665? – 1735), a talented Swede, often imitated the Roman poet Horace, when composing panegyric poems to Charles XII of Sweden or to other prominent people. Rönnow was indebted to the ancient author both metrically and thematically. His main source of inspiration was, of course, Horace's third book of Odes, more precisely the first six odes, as all of them deal with the virtues highly esteemed in Rönnow's times, namely courage, reverence for God and righteous behaviour. We should also notice that Rönnow's poetry can't be seen as some kind of copying of the ancient writer, but rather as an elegant reinterpretation or an inventive reuse of him.

The aim of the present paper is to illustrate and to discuss the Horatian features in some of the eulogistic poems written by Magnus Rönnow to the Swedish King.

Rachel Darmon

Allocataire de recherche à l'Université Paris VIII

72 rue du château des rentiers

75013 Paris

France

rachel_darmon@yahoo.fr

La Theologia mythologica de Georgius Pictorius

Georgius Pictorius est le premier auteur de la Renaissance, après Boccace, à composer, dès 1532, un traité systématique sur la mythologie antique. Sa Theologia mythologica ouvre ainsi la voie du genre mythographique néo-latin qui se développe pleinement dans les années 1540 à 1580 et jusqu'au XVIIe siècle. Les traités des érudits italiens, notamment Gyraldi (De diis gentium historia, Bâle, Johannes Oporinus, 1548), reprennent largement celui de l'humaniste allemand. S'inspirant à son tour des publications bâloises, Pictor recompose alors son ouvrage, qu'il publie en 1558 chez Nicolaus Brylinger sous le titre Apotheseos tam exterarum gentium quam romanorum deorum libri tres. Il s'agit d'une encyclopédie mythologique sous forme dialoguée, qui travaille en même temps qu'elle le transmet le texte dont elle est dépositaire. La variété des sources, des sujets traités, des méthodes interprétatives, emprunte à toutes les époques de la latinité pour exposer la somme des savoirs antiques.

L'œuvre mythographique de Pictor reste étonnement méconnue, éclipsée par celle des Italiens. Par elle s'opère pourtant le passage de la tradition mythographique médio-latine, dont est encore empreinte l'œuvre de Boccace, à l'humanisme pleinement renaissant de Gyraldi. Elle témoigne enfin de l'échange circulaire et dynamique qui a lieu, dans le milieu néo-latin bâlois, entre humanisme du Nord et du Sud.

Viktória Hedvig Deák

2092 Budakeszi Fô utca 192 Hungary

vdeakop@gmail.com

The Techniques of a Hagiographer – The two Legendae of Saint Margaret of Hungary

The two legends of Saint Margaret of Hungary might offer a case-study to follow the methods and techniques used by a 14th century hagiographer to achieve his goal: to present her heroine according to the requirements of his age. In Saint Margaret's case this happened around 1340 when the Dominican Garinus de Giaco, famous theologian of his age and later Master of the Order, created a new legend (Legenda Maior).

Margaret's first legenda (Legenda vetus) was written by her confessor as part of her canonization process, started in 1271. But besides this brief and very sober legend there was an even more important source Garinus used, namely the minutes of the second phase of the canonization process, dating from 1276. A considerable part of this documentation is still available, and thus we have the main sources of the author at our disposal. This offers us a unique opportunity to closely observe the methods used by the author when editing the vast material on Margaret's life and miracles and forming it into hagiography.

Susanna de Beer

Bakkersteeg 4

2311 RJ Leiden

The Netherlands

S.T.M.deBeer@uva.nl]

The Imperial Ideology of the Papal Court in Giannantonio Campano's Poetry

In the poetry Giannantonio Campano dedicated to his patrons at the Papal court, he adapted his rhetoric of praise to the images they wanted to see conveyed of themselves. Pius II, for example, had given insight into his political ideology in his own autobiographical Commentarii, which he modelled on Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico and Virgil's Aeneid. Pius II employed the first model as a justification of his incessant efforts to organize a crusade and to drive back the Turkish force and, the second, because it presented an example of an epic life full of journeys and hardships that established the glorious power of Rome in the end. Campano expressed this ideology by comparing Pius to both Aeneas and Augustus, but other than Pius himself he used Horace and Ovid as his main literary models. In his poems dedicated to Sixtus IV and his nephew, Cardinal Pietro Riario, Campano legitimized papal power by focusing on imperial virtues as clementia, liberalitas and magnificentia. In doing so, he drew on poems by Martial and Statius. In my paper, I will analyze Campano's literary strategies and illuminate the processes of legitimisation, especially with respect to the intertextual use of classical Latin models.

Erik De Bom

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Faculty of Arts

Seminarium Philologiae Humanisticae

Blijde-Inkomststraat 21 (P.O.B. 3316)

B – 3000 Leuven

Belgium

Erik.DeBom@arts.kuleuven.be

The Institutiones Politicae of Nicolaeus Vernulaeus: The Declining Influence of Justus Lipsius's Political Ideas?

When looking at the prevailing political ideas in the Catholic Southern Netherlands during the first half of the seventeenth century, one (immediately) tends to think about those of Justus Lipsius and their lasting influence. The question remains, however, to which extent this is true. Erycius Puteanus, Lipsius's successor in Louvain, for instance, wrote several short political treatises, in which the stamp of Aristotle cannot be neglected. In this paper I want to focus on Puteanus's successor, Nicolaus Vernulaeus (1583-1649). As a prolific author he did not only write many orations, historical treatises, tragedies and philosophical works, but also several manuals, among which a political one, Institutionum Politicarum Libri IV (1623). It was his intention to introduce young students to the rudiments of politics and political theory. According to the letter to the reader, he wanted to discuss his subject without too much pomp and without embellishing his treatise with 'the words and sentences of many authors'. A direct attack on Lipsius? Did he distance himself from Lipsius's method and his ideas? This is one of the questions which I want to answer in my paper, while at the same time highlighting the characteristics of Vernulaeus's Institutiones Politicae.

Judith Deitch

English

York University, Toronto

j_deitch@yorku.ca

The constellated Axiochus and the movance of the printed text

Of the over 40 separate issues of the pseudo-Platonic Axiochus printed between 1480 and 1600, 8 are preserved today in Oxford libraries. These exemplars of the popular dialogue on learning to die well provide a useful cross-section of the different kinds of editions that would have been available in the period. Some were printed with the Greek and Latin in parallel form, others with the Latin alone; some contain commentaries or long annotations, others produce the naked text; some were printed with or bound with other classical texts: from the mystical aura of an Orphic hymn, to the rationality of Aristotle, to the Platonic Forms of the Phaedo. Through the medium of print a different Axiochus materializes in each case: one fits Ficino's scheme of a syncretistic Platonic theology; one takes its place among the massive works of Aristotelian epistemology; another is juxtaposed with the higher study of Plato's psychology. While print brought much more "fixity" to individual works (as Elizabeth Eisenstein asserts), it is the contention of this paper that 16th century printed editions participated in the movance of the transmitted text, continually redefining it according to a variety of conceptual placements or "constellations" brought about through the text's materialization as a book.

Jeroen De Keyser

Damstraat 3

B-9260 Serskamp (Belgium)

jeroen@evonet.be

Filelfo's Sphortias as a literary construction

The tempest topos is as old as the epic genre itself. Since Vergil, in an imitation of Odysseus' struggle with the elements, had his Trojans thrown back to the African coast by a storm caused by Aeolus on behalf of Juno, almost every epic poet of the Silver age felt compelled to include a new aemulatio of this epic motif in his work. In this paper I will examine the reception of this topos in Francesco Filelfo's Sphortias, one of the first real neo-latin epic poems to be published after Petrarca's Africa. Filelfo's exaltation of his reluctant protector Francesco Sforza has more than once been disposed of as a predictable, versified chronicle bereft of any literary merit, but when in the second book the Venetian fleet sails up to fight Sforza's troops, they do so under the protection of Neptune, who convinces Juno to sweep the Milanese with heavy rains. In this paper I will examine how Filelfo incorporates the classical tradition, drop by drop, in his handling of these scenes to create his own perfect storm.

Jeanine De Landtsheer

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Faculty of Arts

Seminarium Philologiae Humanisticae

Blijde Inkomststraat 21 (PO Box 3316)

B-3000 Leuven

Belgium

Jeanine.DeLandtsheer@arts.kuleuven.be

Bridging Complex Matters by Style and Lay Out: the Case of Lipsius's De constantia (1584)

Lipsius's De constantia libri duo is one of his most creative and influential treatises. As explained in its subtitle, qui alloquium praecipue continent in publicis malis, its purpose was practical, viz. to give support in trying times. Inspired by the Stoics, and foremost by Seneca, Lipsius pleads for constancy and intrepidity, despite the unstable political, military and religious climate in his native country. As numerous of Lipsius's treatises, De constantia is conceived as a dialogue: in a two day conversation the old, respectful philologist Carolus Langius expounds his views on Fatum, the origins of sin and evil, the (un)importance of free will to a still young Lipsius. In fact he is voicing the ideas of a more mature Lipsius, trying to accommodate Stoic to Christian doctrine. As will be shown, the treatise is an outstanding example of how the author is guiding his reader through a complex subject, enforcing his carefully constructed arguments by his ideosyncratic style and a well-devised lay out.

Tania Demetriou

St John's college

OXFORD, OX1 3JP

UK

tania.demetriou@sjc.ox.ac.uk

William Gager's Ulysses Redux and the reception of Homer in early modern England

This paper will focus on William Gager's academic Latin play, Ulysses Redux, performed and printed in 1592 in Oxford. Ulysses Redux is based on the Odyssey—just as Gager's previous play, Dido, was based on the Aeneid—and my primary aim here will be to examine how Gager engages with and imitates Homer's text, situating the play in a culture of Homeric reception in England of the late sixteenth century. Further to that, the Ulysses went on to become central in a correspondence between Gager and John Rainolds following its performance, in which Rainolds attacked and Gager defended the performance of drama. This correspondence, part of which was printed, was well-known to the contemporary theatrical world. Because of the subject matter of the play on which much of the discussion hangs, many of their arguments draw Homer and contemporary attitudes to Homer into the exchange. I would like to bring this evidence into my paper and by so doing not only look at the way the writing of this Neo-Latin play stems from a culture of Homeric reception, but also assess how the intellectual exchange that was aftermath of its performance impacted on Homer's reception.

Drs. Verena E.M. Demoed

Huygens Institute (KNAW) and University of Amsterdam

Dpt. of Latin

Spuistraat 134

NL - 1012 VB Amsterdam

v.e.m.demoed@uva.nl

The European Fame Gnapheus' Acolastus

Gnapheus' Acolastus (based on the parable of the Prodigal Son, published in 1529) was a great success: it was often reprinted, staged, translated and adapted for other Latin school dramas. In this paper its contemporary translations, which more often than not must be labelled adaptations, into the vernacular and Latin adaptations will be assessed. I will also touch upon Gnapheus' later plays, the Morosophus (`The foolish scientist', 1541) and especially the Hypocrisis (`Hypocrisy', 1544). Here I will go the other way around: these Latin plays have been strongly influenced by Dutch rhetoricians drama. Living in Prussia, Gnapheus introduced typically dutch dramatic conventions (as tableaux vivants and personified abstractions) into the Latin literary systems in a country unfamiliar with these conventions. Thus I will shed some light on the relations between Latin and Vernacular Drama.

Drs. Tom Deneire

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Faculty of Arts

Latijnse literatuurstudie

Blijde Inkomststraat 21 (PO Box 3316)

B-3000 Leuven

Belgium

Tom.Deneire@arts.kuleuven.be

Laonicae cuspidis instar? The Philology of Justus Lipsius's prose style

In his 1999 paper 'Observations on the Style and Language of Lipsius's Prose' Terence Tunberg pointed out that 'despite the fame and notoriety of Lipsius's prose style, we entirely lack any study of this style that would satisfy a Latin philologist' (Iustus Lipsius, Europae lumen et columen … (Leuven, 1999), p. 170). Besides Tunberg's 'tentative first step in this direction' this situation remained unchanged in the following decade of studies on the Leuven humanist. Presenting the results of a recent study (2003-2009) in the field, this paper offers a rough philological outline of Lipsius's prose style. After a brief historical sketch of his stylistic practice, Lipsius's main formal techniques (such as inconcinnitas, adfectatio or varietas) will be analysed and interpreted both technically and functionally. Especially the importance and usage of Lipsius's often stressed brevitas will figure at the heart of the discussion. Moreover, other matters such as metaphorical language, rhythm or humour will be treated, in order to present a detailed philological synthesis of Lipsius's singular style.

Mario De Nichilo

Dipartimento di Italianistica

Università degli studi di Bari

Palazzo Ateneo – Piazza Umberto I 1

BARI

Italy

m.denichilo@lettere.uniba.it

Una lettera del Poliziano a Giovanni Pontano

All'interno di un progetto in atto teso a realizzare il regesto del carteggio privato e pubblico di Giovanni Pontano, l'interesse si è appuntato sulle lettere indirizzategli da uno dei più prestigiosi umanisti del tempo, Angelo Poliziano. Ne sono note due, una dell'8 maggio 1493 e l'altra di poco posteriore alla morte di Ferrante d'Aragona (25 gennaio 1494). Entrambe sono state riedite in un testo più attendibile da Mario Martelli nel 1978 e da lui opportunamente collocate nel contesto storico-politico di quei due anni cruciali per le sorti dell'Italia. Ma delle due indubbiamente più interessante sul piano culturale è la prima – oggetto del mio intervento –, nella quale Poliziano traccia un ritratto entusiastico del Pontano, di cui celebra il valore indiscusso sia come sagace e prudente politico, nella sua veste di primo ministro di re Ferrante, sia soprattutto come letterato raffinato e versatile, autore di opere in prosa e in versi di riconosciuta dottrina e originalità che da anni circolavano a Firenze suscitando interesse ed anche polemiche, in ogni caso contribuendo sempre ad animarne il dibattito culturale, come testimoniano numerose altre lettere a e di corrispondenti fiorentini presenti nel carteggio sopravvissuto dell'umanista napoletano.

Ingrid A. R. De Smet

Centre for the Study of the Renaissance

University of Warwick

Coventry CV4 7AL

United Kingdom

I.de-Smet@warwick.ac.uk

Calumnia dira pestis: defamation, memory, and scholarly identity among Northern European humanists, 1570-1650

This is a thematic investigation into defamatory practices in the Republic of Letters of the late sixteenth century and first half of the seventeenth century, especially among the humanist networks centring on France and the Low Countries and their contacts in German- or English speaking regions. Against a background of civil war in either region, scholars of repute or of high public visibility (such as Joseph Scaliger, Justus Lipsius, Hadrianus Junius or Jacques-Auguste de Thou, to name but a few), were prone to being vilified in intellectual, and personal terms; indeed, they were often themselves no strangers to abusive language. Taking into account recent studies such as Tom Conley's 'Vituperation in Early Seventeenth Century Historical Studies' (2004) and drawing on a variety of humanist writing (poetry, letters, etc.), this paper will first recapitulate how gossip and calumny were conceived of in the period and what strategies were deployed in dealing with malicious tongues. Most importantly, the paper will demonstrate that preserving the memory of such clashes and altercation contributed to the sense of self and community amongst a scholarly elite, not just across borders but also in some cases across generations.

Prof. Amedeo Di Francesco

amedeodifrancesco@alice.it

Justus Lipsius e l'Ungheria. Lo stoicismo nella letteratura neolatina ungherese

L'opera poetica di Johannes Bocatius (Johann Bock, 1569-1621) è strettamente collegata alla tendenza stoico-manieristica che fa capo a János Rimay (1570 ca.- 1631). Oltre ad averci lasciato gli Hungaridos libri poematum quinque (Bártfa, 1599), fonte molto importante per la ricostruzione degli avvenimenti contemporanei relativi alla guerra dei quindici anni, Bocatius – aderendo alla posizione filosofica di Justus Lipsius – si fa portatore in Ungheria di una filosofia morale ispirata dal neostoicismo. Egli rivela tutta la consapevolezza della sua adesione alla cultura ungherese nel suo graffiante In poetas, de gente Hungarica sinistre scribenteis in cui polemizza con l'umanista tedesco Petrus Lotichius (1531-1584) offrendoci un piccolo, precoce, ma salace quadro caratteriologico della nazione magiara.

La ricezione in Ungheria del pensiero neostoico svolse un ruolo molto importante anche nello sviluppo della letteratura teoretica e riflessiva ungherese. Lo studio sistematico delle condizioni politiche dell'Ungheria si basa infatti ancora una volta sugli insegnamenti di Justus Lipsius. Sorgono in questo contesto numerose opere di teoria dello stato: fra esse sono sicuramente da ricordare: il De Sacrae Coronae Regni Hungariae ortu, virtute, victoria, fortuna (Augsburg, 1613) di Péter Révay (1568-1622), la Oratio de maiestate (Wittenberg, 1616) di János, il De virtute principis (Strasburgo, 1625) di Boldizsár Frisowitz e la Disquisitio historico-politica de Regno Hungariae (Strasburgo, 1629) di Márton Schödel, la quale che non solo recepisce le teorie politiche e la filosofia della storia di Justus Lipsius, ma anche gli insegnamenti di Mathias Bernegger.

John B. Dillon

University of Wisconsin-Madison

3913 Birch Avenue

Madison, WI 53711-1602

USA

jdillon@library.wisc.edu

"Best Wishes for A Speedy Recovery": Neo-Latin Poems to an Ailing Other

Renaissance Latin treatments of occasions for poetry have little or nothing to say about ways to address the illness of another person, be that person a dear friend, a more distant acquaintance, or even one's _pater patriae_. Yet poems to an ailing other strikingly dot the Neo-Latin artistic landscape of the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries. Among merely the better known authors to have produced them are Baptista Mantuanus, Fausto Andrelini, Antonio Tebaldeo, Benedetto Lampridio, Benedetto Varchi, Berardino Rota, Johannes Secundus, Justus Lipsius, Caspar Barlaeus, Petrus Lotichius Secundus, Janus Gruterus, George Buchanan, and John Milton. In this paper I will take a brief look at the not very numerous ancient Latin literary antecedents on this topic and then discuss some salient characteristics of the varied Neo-Latin output within the context of occasional poetry more generally.

James Dobreff

Research fellow, Lund University

Götgatan 81, 5tr

11662 Stockholm, Sweden

commercium2000@yahoo.se

Daniel Rolander: the confluence of science and literature

Daniel Rolander (1723-1793) undertook a scientific expedition in 1754 from Uppsala to Dutch Suriname. As his professor and patron Carl Linnaeus (1708-1778) had instructed, he observed and described the white Europeans, the black slaves, the native Indians and the Flora and Fauna, while gathering specimens for preservation and transport back to Sweden. After seven months, he embarked to return to Europe. On 21 October, 1756, he returned to Stockholm – two years and 19 days after leaving Uppsala.

Diarium Surinamicum is the title Rolander inscribed on the final version of his expedition journal, finished in 1765. Since 1811 his 699-page manuscript has been kept in the Botanical Library in Copenhagen. The manuscript is a wondrously skillful blend of detailed Linnaean descriptions couched in a highly entertaining narrative of all that Rolander saw and heard, as well as of his own adventures and misadventures in the rainforests, plantations and settlements of Suriname in 1755.

Only a few short passages have been published. The English translation is complete and waiting for publication at IK Foundation & Company in London. A historical, critical edition of the Latin original is scheduled for completion in January of 2009.

Denis L. Drysdall

4 Malabar st

Hamilton 3026

New Zealand

d.drysdall@waikato.ac.nz

The Two Versions of Erasmus' Apologia de "In principio erat sermo" and the Role of Edward Lee

It is suggested. mainly on the basis of the long period between his sermon at St Paul's and the appearance of the first short version of this Apologia (February 1520), that Standish was not the immendiate cause of the publication, though it is he whom Erasmus portrays as the originator of the condemnation of "sermo." Erasmus' dispute with Edward Lee, the prefatory letter about him and the responses so closely associated in time to Lee's Apologia and Annotations would suggest that Lee was probably the immediate motivation for the first version. He was a continuing cause of irritation during the months from February to August, and is said to "continue to stick at nothing to secure my undoing." Beyond this immediate stimulus however, the second, much longer version (August 1520), with its more heated protests and contemptuous attitude to what is now evidently a large number of opponents, is a response to the spreading hostility and the character assassination encountered in Louvain, but intended now mainly for the faculty and in particular perhaps for Baechem.

Agnieszka Dziuba

ul. Œwiêtokrzyska 9/6

20-867 Lublin

Poland

dziuba64@poczta.onet.pl

De origine et rebus gestis Polonorum as the first renaissance Polish chronicle

When in western Europe the Renaissance was slowly decaying, the Polish bishop – Martinus Cromerus published De origine et rebus gestis Polonorum libri XXX. His work was a complete history of the Polish nation written in Latin in accordance with the best rules of renaissance historiography. This book was published in Basel in 1555, and soon reprinted in 1558, 1568 and 1589. The author achieved fame and a creditable nickname – Sarmaticus Livius. Cromerus gained great popularity in Europe, lasting dozens of years, thanks to skilful combination of vetus and novum in renaissance historiography with his erudition and patriotism. De origine…contained all elements of a good historical work. The content of this book concentrated on achievements of great Polish men. Res pace et bello gestae were intersperse with dramatic episodes, varied digressions (descriptions of places, portraits of kings, speeches of politicians and chiefs) and everything written in a good Livian Latin.

The aim of this paper is to show in what way a Polish author realized the theory of renaissance historiography and why his work was appraised by European readers as the best Polish renaissance chronicle.

Geoffrey Eatough

Dolgerdd

Llanfair Rd

Lampeter SA48 8JZ

Ceredigion

Wales UK

geoffanne.eatough@virgin.net

g.eatough@lamp.ac.uk

Memory and empire: William Camden's journeys in Britannia

Camden's chorography of Britain maps the memory of Britain through its topography, toponymy and material remains. His work has a dynamic theoretical base which also points to the future. He views Britain in its ethnic, physical and political composition, and and everywhere it is clear that there has been and still is constant change. John Twyne had seen the dissolution of the monasteries as an end of the Roman empire in Britain, an empire some had thought that would last till the death of time. For Camden London is the epitome of Britain, a new Rome, a modern commonwealth, a city based, as ever, on commerce which finances large scale urban development including churches, and a private affluence which underpins the humanitas of its citizens. This paper looks at the emerging cultural centres within the empire which was Britain, but also at the intimations of a wider empire. Latin is seamless, and Camden quotes Lucian the monk, who had said, five hundred years earlier, that from the legionary city of Chester, once keeper of the western bounds of empire, now a commercial, cosmopolitan city, one could see the whole world.

Karl A.E. Enenkel

Department of Classical Studies, Chair of Neo-Latin Literature

University of Leiden, Faculty of Arts

Doelensteeg 16

P.O. Box 9515

2300 RA Leiden

The Netherlands

K.A.E.Enenkel@let.leidenuniv.nl

The Politics of Antiquarianism: Neo-Latin treatises on Cultural History as Ideology and Propaganda

Neo-Latin treatises on ancient Roman culture represent an exciting development in humanist scholarship. From a teleological perspective, they may be regarded as forerunners of modern archaeology and cultural history. This paper, however, deals with a seemingly less 'progressive' aspect of these texts: their ideological and propagandistic impact on, and meaning for, their contemporary context. Both the treatises' authors and early modern readership understood these texts as legitimisations and representations of contemporary political power, such as the Papal curia, the German Empire, the King of England, dukedoms, and city governments. Sometimes, the treatises even served as a propagandistic means to legitimise military operations, for example a crusade against the Ottomans. In my paper, I will discuss, among others, Flavio Biondo's Roma instaurata and Roma triumphans, Andrea Fulvio's Romanae antiquitates, Carlo Sigonio's Fasti consulares, Onofrio Panvinio's Comment on Roman history, Johannes Rosinus' Antiquitates Romanae, Thomas Dempster's augmented and commented version of the same work and Justus Lipsius's Admiranda sive de magnitudine Romana and De militia Romana.

Josef Eskhult

Rackarbergsgatan 44:312, 752 32 UPPSALA

josef.eskhult@lingfil.uu.se

The view on language history around 1700: reception and innovation

My paper will describe the seventeenth-century view on language history in topics such as the debate on the primaeval language and ideas of language development of European as well as of Semitic languages. The focus will be on the reception history, insofar as several ancient traditions asserted themselves in the above-mentioned topics, namely the classical, the patristic, the biblical and the late Jewish. According to the last, Hebrew was the primordial language of mankind, an opinion that was adopted in patristic exegesis and later absorbed in the Protestant language theology. Classical authors such as Herodotus and Pliny the Elder were widely used to supplement the Bible (e.g. Gen. 10) in the delineation of nations and their languages. Against these traditions various rationalistic, historical-philolosophical and nationalist currents exerted great influence, all of which contributed a more critical attitude towards the ancient sources. I will try to elucidate the interaction between the reception of ancient authors and standpoints and the innovation through rationalism and critical historiography. In doing so, I will concentrate on some prominent representative scholars and shed light on the key-words, conceptual categories and horizon of understanding in their discourse.

Philip Ford

Clare College

GB-Cambridge CB2 1TL

pjf2@cam.ac.uk

The Syncretic Style in Renaissance Poetry: Bèze and Ronsard

One of the aspects of Renaissance texts in both Latin and the vernacular which marks them as different from classical writing is the use of syncretism as a stylistic device. In its simplest form, this involves referring to the Judeo-Christian God as Iupiter, for example, or the saints as 'divi'. However, in a number of writers, this can be taken to greater extremes. Théodore de Bèze, who succeeded Calvin as leader of the Church in Geneva, wrote Sylvae, for example, on the birth of Christ or on David and Bathsheba, in which classical divinities such as Apollo and the Muses, Venus, and Cupid play more than a passing part, while Ronsard composed poems such as the Hercule chrestien, in which the lives of Christ and Hercules are compared. This paper will set out to examine the stylistic impact of this form of writing as one of the elements which contributed to the specificity of neo-Latin, to explore its impact on the vernacular, and briefly to plot its demise after the reforms of the Council of Trent began to take hold.

Dr. Angela Fritsen

3203 Pond View Drive

Richardson, TX 75082

USA

afritsen@juno.com

Who is Tiberius Caesar Germanicus? Tracing a quattrocento Renaissance controversy

This paper will examine the confusion in identities between Tiberius and Germanicus, Tiberius' nephew and adopted son. In fifteenth-century Italy, the two were often conflated as a single person, "Tiberius Caesar Germanicus," because of trouble distinguishing between the two's military triumphs. The Gemma Augustea in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna provides iconographic clues to these triumphs. However, it should be noted that even modern scholars disagree on some of the cameo portraiture and details. The Gemma Augustea, which sojourned briefly in Italy in the second half of the quattrocento, is in fact a visual counterpart to the ancient literary sources the humanists were reading and dissecting. Teachers and commentators such as Guarino da Verona, Pomponio Leto, Antonio Costanzi, and Paolo Marsi argued over the evidence found in Suetonius and in Ovids's Epistulae ex Ponto and Fasti, as an examination of Renaissance commentaries on Ovid's Fasti in the second part of this paper will show.

Dr. Renate Frohne

Berg 37b

CH-9043 Trogen

0041 71 344 37 89

Vadians Mela-Scholien als Commentarius diffusus

Der Lehrer des Griechischen an den Universität Bologna, Codrus [Cortesi] Urceus, bezeichnete seinen Kollegen Filippo Beroaldo sen. (1453-1505) als den Kommentator schlechthin, 'commentatorem Bononiensem', der, mit den Worten des St. Galler Reformators und Chronisten Johannes Kessler, Luther gleich "Fundamente legte", d.h. antike, vor allem lateinische Autoren, mustergültig erläuterte. Besondere Berühmtheit erlangte 1500 Beroaldus Kommentar zum 'Goldenen Esel' des Apuleius. Ein Exemplar dieses Kommentars befand sich im Besitz des St. Galler Humanisten und Reformators Joachim Vadian (1484-1551). Die Marginalien Vadians belegen sein Interesse an diesem Kommentar, dem er in seinen 1518 und, in erweiterter Fassung, 1522 erschienenen Mela-Scholien etwas Gleichwertiges zur Seite stellte. – Über die zumeist aus antiken Autoren gewonnenen Sacherläuterungen hinausgehend enthält dieser 'Commentarius diffusus' zur Absicherung der vorgetragenen zeitkritische Exkurse Vadians (z.B. über die unredliche Geschichtsschreibung des Tacitus, über akademisches und scholastisches Philosophieren, über Werte für ein gutes Zusammenleben) sowie Schilderungen von Beobachtungen, Wanderungen und Besichtigungen (z.B. eines Sonnenaufgangs, der Versicherung des Timavus bei Aquileia, der Salzbergwerke bei Krakau). Renate Frohne wird in ihrem Vortrag den Kommentar Beroaldos mit dem weitgehend in Vergessenheit geratenen Kommentar Vadians vergleichen und beider Arbeitsweisen darstellen.

Heidrun Führer

Kulturvetenskaper

Universitet Lund

Biskopsgatan 7

Heidrun.fuhrer@kult.lu.se

A "total work of art" in Baroque style – Jacob Balde's Jesuit tragedy Jephtias, 1654

What reasons can be found to defend a human sacrifice, as a sign of God's love into the bargain?

The famous Jesuit rhetorician and priest Jacob Balde conveys this issue in his Baroque tragedy with a highly sophisticated argumentation intended to impress a religious message on people. I argue that he stresses the boundaries of a classical tragedy by involving other media like music and images in tradition of Aristotle's poetic and in particular of the ritual origin of tragedy. The Jesuit chooses for the realisation of his unbelievable issue the form of `total art' involving the audience completely and thus turning art into a propaganda tool for the Counter-Reformation. My aim is to show in which aspects Jacob Balde's multimedial tragedy in a theatrically alliance of art and religion parallels to main criteria of a "total work of art", an aesthetic concept that is not restrict to Wagnerian Romantic opera. In spite of the same longing for a representation of totality there are differences concerning the openness of the performance by Jacob Balde.

Maia Wellington Gahtan

Via Ricasoli, 25

50122 Florence, Italy

mgahtan@aya.yale.edu

Cicero and the philosophy of history

This paper traces the reception and adaptation in early modern Italy of a passage from Cicero's De oratore (II.9.36) in which the ancient orator offers a philosophy of history: "Historia vero testis temporum, lux veritatis, vita memoriae, magistra vitae, nuntia vetustatis..." [History is truly the testament of the times, the light of truth, the master of life, and the herald of ancient times]. Although central to the very concept of Renaissance, history and particularly the theoretical exposition of history was slow to develop in both Latin and vernacular treatises in part due to the lack of ancient models. I plan to show how Cicero's passage, often lifted out of context, somewhat filled this hole, providing an anchor in antiquity to those seeking to develop essentially modern theoretical approaches to the topic. I will conclude by showing how eventually Cicero's comments are imbedded in the very first visual allegory of History developed towards the turn of the 17th century in Cesare Ripa's Iconologia—an allegorical image which enjoyed a long and fruitful afterlife, particularly in engraved form on the frontispieces of history books.

Julia Haig Gaisser

Department of Greek, Latin, and Classical Studies

Bryn Mawr College 101 N. Merion Avenue

Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010

USA

jgaisser@brynmawr.edu

The Pursuit of Words in Pontano's Dialogues

Giovanni Gioviano Pontano (1429?-1503) had many occupations (humanist, teacher, poet, prose author, courtier and diplomat, to name a few), but his underlying vocation was always Latin philology. Pontano's concern for words runs like a bright thread through all the activities of his variegated career, whether he was transcribing and correcting manuscripts, writing about Latin aspirates, discussing ancient poetry with his friends in the Neapolitan academy, or seeking the exact meanings of words in his ethical treatises. Care for words and especially their meanings is at the heart of each of his dialogues (Charon, Antonius, Actius, Asinus, and Aegidius). His interlocutors, one and all, are preoccupied with words in their essential nature—defining, punning, pouncing on solecisms, playing with etymologies, admiring poetic sound effects. In this paper I will look at such verbal activities across the dialogues, but with a reading of the Charon as my special focus. I will suggest both that the pursuit of words in the Dialogues reflects Pontano's larger philosophical and ethical concerns and that it is fundamentally serious even when it is treated most ironically.

Werner Gelderblom

Department of Classics

Radboud University Nijmegen

P.O. Box 9103

NL-6500 HD Nijmegen

The Netherlands

w.gelderblom@let.ru.nl

sive vero, sive ficto, sive mixto: the genesis of Johannes Secundus' (1511-1536) first book of Elegiae

Johannes Secundus' first book of Elegiae, the Julia, is generally considered a highlight of Neo-Latin poetry. This paper will focus on the genesis of this book. From manuscriptological and other evidence, three main stages in the genesis of the book will be established. It will be shown that all three stages were considered complete collections of poems, worthy to be sent to other humanists. The paper aims to analyze what differences in literary interpretation can be found between these stages. It will become clear that the book of Elegiae has developed from a cycle trying to present a convincing, albeit partly fictive, love story to a cycle which also focuses on the fictional character of poetry, and finally into a metapoetic cycle that questions the power of poetry. It will be stressed that this last stage was slightly altered by Secundus' brother and posthumous editor, who, apparently, did not fully understand the meaning of the book. The conclusions reached in this paper are based on the last version authorized by Secundus, found in the manuscript only and never investigated in detail before.

Donald Gilman

Ball State University

Muncie, Indiana 47306

U.S.A.

dgilman@bsu.edu

The Reality of Paradox: Fantasy, Rhetoric, and Thomas More's Utopia

Fact and fiction clash and combine in More's Utopia. In spite of these incongruities in a work of fiction identified as history, the text establishes the ontological reality of an ideal. Sixteenth-century faculty psychology, derived from Aristotle's De anima, explains the conceptualization of imagined or empirically evident sense impressions. In conveying these images through concrete expression, Quintilian defines the role of enargeia that enlivens representation and argumentation. Through the character of Hythlodaeus, More draws upon Aristotelian epistemology and Roman rhetoric to depict the religious practices of Utopia. Biblical allusions, verisimilitude, and stimulating narrative argue for the credibility of this Christian Arcadia. Earlier, Augustine depicted human attempts to perceive and actualize the Divine Model, stressing the significance of intentionality that enables man to bridge sensible and spiritual realities. Ficino applies this idea to rhetoric. In practice, though, theory conflicts with practice, and More cannot convert spiritual aspirations into earthly actualizations. Rather, he employs and describes the dynamics of paradox to present a picture of the human situation where the reconciliation of reality and ideal remains cognitively present but materially elusive.

Ewa Jolanta Glebicka, Joanna Partyka

University of Warsaw

Institute of Interdisciplinary Research "Artes Liberales" (OBTA UW)

Nowy Œwiat 69

00-046 Warszawa, Poland

ej.glebicka@uw.edu.pl

partyka@ibl.waw.pl

The ancient tradition as a weapon against the obtrectatores Poloniae

The Polish seventeenth-century writers utilized the ancient tradition as a weapon to ward off the stereotyped opinions that were unfavourable to Poland, popularized, inter alia, by John Barclay's Icon animorum. Two works: Declamatio contra obtrectatores Poloniae (1631) by Szymon Starowolski and Polonia defensa (1648) by £ukasz Opaliñski have been analyzed from this point of view. Both authors draw heavily on various types of references to the heritage of the Antiquity. Refuting the arguments of the "slanderers of Poland" they find counterarguments in the texts by Horace, Seneca, Cicero, Quintilianus, Plutarch, Lucanus, Tacitus, Ovid, Suetonius, and also in the ancient mythology. The analysis shows that the Old-Polish authors quoted ancient opinions and referred to the ancient norms and social institutions not only to demonstrate the continuity of tradition. Clearly, a reference to the authority of the Ancients was the heaviest and the most effective weapon that could be mustered against the enemies of the Commonwealth. The authority of the Ancients functioned at that time in the social consciousness as the ultimate undisputable argument; it played a role similar to that of today's proverbs in the popular common sense thinking.

Jacqueline Glomski

History Department

King's College London

London WC2R 2LS GB

jacqueline@glomski.demon.co.uk

Science and Fiction in the Seventeenth Century: The somnia of Libert Froidmont and Johannes Kepler

Using the examples of Froidmont's Somnium sive peregrinatio caelestis (1616) and Kepler's Somnium seu opus ... de astronomia lunari (1634), my paper will discuss the contribution of the Neo-Latin somnium to the development of the modern genre of science fiction. Influenced by the writings of Lucian and Cicero, Froidmont and Kepler combined the formats of the classical voyage extraordinaire and the somnium to create a fictional platform for the presentation of scientific theories. Froidmont and Kepler were followed by authors writing imaginative literature based around a discussion of cosmology, both in Latin, such as Athanasius Kircher and Christiaan Huygens, and in the vernacular, such as Cyrano de Bergerac and Gabriel Daniel. During the seventeenth century, the writing of much science fiction was provoked by religious anxieties over Copernican theory. By the mid-eighteenth century, however, a secular idiom for cosmological speculation, which had been initiated by Froidmont's and Kepler's somnia, was firmly established, as evidenced by Ludvig Holberg's Iter subterraneum (1741), in which concepts from Newtonian physics are woven into a novel. Scientific speculation in fiction continues to this present day, and is a subgenre of science fiction that owes thanks to Neo-Latin literature, especially to the writings of Froidmont and Kepler.

Dr. Felipe González Vega

Universidad del País Vasco

Departamento de Estudios Clásicos

c/ Tomás y Valiente 1

E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz

España

felipe.gonzalezvega@ehu.es

Los estragos de la guerra: definición retórica y representación en la épica e historiografía hispanolatinas del Renacimiento

El objeto de nuestro análisis es la presentación de los desastres que la guerra produce o, más exactamente, la configuración de su relato 'patético', aquel en que se manifiesta ante todo el sinsentido de la lucha, incidiendo en el carácter caótico de los acontecimientos y poniendo en primer plano al vencido y a las víctimas. La presencia insidiosa de este tipo de violencia extrema, habitual en la épica y menos en la historiografía clásicas, se confía en beneficio de su plasticidad y espectacularidad al recurso de la evidentia, de modo que no se prive al lector de los instrumentos necesarios para la reconstrucción más cruda de la escena en cuestión: la multiplicación de detalles anula la distancia entre lector y personajes. Los niveles de análisis para su diferenciación se basarán en la selección temática, las formas narrativas empleadas en cada género y el estudio del léxico empleado como crisol del relato. Así, estaríamos en condiciones de definir una verosímil retórica de los desastres de la guerra, que atienda no sólo a la constitución del texto literario, sino también a sus funciones estéticas y sociales y a las distintas formas de su recepción en la literatura neolatina española del Renacimiento.

Elisabet Göransson

Elisabet.Goransson@klass.lu.se

Patterns of imitation in Neo-Latin epistolography

Based on the study of edited Neo-Latin letters from the 16th to 18th centuries, different aspects of imitation and intertextuality in Neo-Latin letters are discussed. This paper discusses whether it is possible to discern different patterns of imitation throughout the centuries. Which role do "authoritative" correspondences play? The study of Neo-Latin letters concerns both literature and the study of rhetorics, with intertextual aspects of the letters in focus, and in many cases a more historically centred "Quellen-forschung", where the central aim is to define the relevant subtexts in order to place the letter in its historical context. What role did the innumerous identifiable and un-identifiable subtexts play for the first readers of the texts, and what meaning do they have for modern-day readers? What are the differences, and how can they be shown? Finally, the paper presents some examples of the reception and expansion of central themes and commonplaces to illustrate the terms we could use to define the type of imitation which meet us in the letters, reproductive imitation and heuristic imitation in particular.

Laurent Grailet

Université de Liège

Langues et littératures classiques

Place du XX-Août 7 (Bât. A 1)

4000 Liège

Belgique (Belgium)

lgrailet@ulg.ac.be

Busbecq et le latin classique : étude linguistique des Lettres de Turquie

Les Lettres de Turquie de Busbecq (1521-1591), ambassadeur de Ferdinand Ier auprès de Soliman le Magnifique, sont l'un des textes les plus connus de la foisonnante littérature que la Renaissance a produite sur l'Empire ottoman.

Si les Lettres ont fait l'objet de nombreuses publications, l'attention des chercheurs s'est avant tout portée sur Busbecq lui-même et sur ce qu'il pouvait apporter à la connaissance de l'histoire ottomane. Récemment des études se sont attachées à des questions plus littéraires, analysant la structure des Lettres ou leur mise en scène et replaçant l'œuvre dans son contexte. Il est cependant un aspect qui a été presque totalement délaissé, et ce malgré l'intérêt croissant pour la linguistique néo-latine : la langue des Lettres. En effet, si la prose de Busbecq est généralement considérée comme classique (sans guère plus de précisions), aucune étude d'ensemble n'a à ce jour été menée à bien sur le sujet, qu'il s'agisse de syntaxe, de vocabulaire ou de style.

L'objet de cette communication sera de présenter les principales caractéristiques syntaxiques et lexicologiques du latin de Busbecq, en se fondant sur une étude linguistique approfondie des Lettres. Seule une telle étude permettra en définitive de qualifier ou non ce latin de "classique" et de mesurer la distance réelle qui sépare Busbecq des auteurs anciens.

Professor Roger P. H. Green

Department of Classics

University of Glasgow

Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK

R.Green@classics.arts.gla.ac.uk

Approaching the magnum opus of Arthur Johnston (c. 1579-1641)

Arthur Johnston of Caskieben in North-east Scotland was one of the country's most prolific poets, and in the eyes of many a rival or indeed superior poet to George Buchanan. Indeed, in the mid-eighteenth century there was heated controversy over the poetical qualities of the complete sets of paraphrases of the Old Testament Psalms in Latin verse which each had composed. The aim of the proposed paper is not to revisit or reassess that controversy, instructive though it is in terms of both general presuppositions and philological detail, but to take a preliminary look at these Psalm-poems of Arthur Johnston, much less well-known today than Buchanan's. Insights gained in over twenty years of intensive study of Buchanan's Psalm-poems cannot of course be applied to Johnston in a paper of twenty minutes or so, and topics such as his knowledge of Hebrew or his Biblical sources must be deferred: my communication will focus on such matters as Johnston's style and methods and his work's relationship, perhaps intertextual, to Buchanan's. A handout will provide illustrative excerpts with English translation, and bibliographical orientation.

Juliette Groenland

Huygens Institute (KNAW) and University of Amsterdam

Proostdijstraat 26

NL-1391 VA Abcoude

j.a.groenland@murmellius.com

Probing the polysystem. History drama in Neolatin and vernacula

The profusion of early modern history drama in the Netherlands was, as in other countries, furthered by patriotic feelings stirred up during the heated political and religious controversies of the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The genre, inspired by classical literature, was taken on in Neo-Latin by a prominent humanist like Daniel Heinsius, but would reach its zenith in vernacular, carried on by canonized authors such as Hooft and Vondel.

An analysis of the genre has to take into account various intertwining factors, most urgently 1. the interrelation of history drama with public opinion and 2. the interrelations of Latin and vernacular specimens of the genre. To what extent can these factors be explained by the contexts in which the dramas are produced and perceived and the prevailing social and literary codes?

The polysystem theory of Itamar Even-Zohar, conceiving of literature as as an integral – often central and very powerful – factor in society and designed especially to deal with situations where a community possesses two or more literary systems, intersecting and overlapping each other, will be exploited in order to grasp the interference of history drama in the Neolatin and vernacular systems and the transfer procedures at stake.

drs R.J. Gruijters

Leerstoelgroep Latijn, UvA

Spuistraat 134

NL - 1012 VB Amsterdam

r.j.gruijters@uva.nl

Stoic Fate or Christian Providence? Lummenaeus à Marca's Iepthe (1608) and Carcer Babylonius (1610)

Although posthumously remembered and praised by historians of his own ecclesiastical order for his work as orator and historian in Latin, the Benedictine monk of the abbey of Saint Peter on the Mons Blandinius (Blandijnberg) in Ghent, Jacobus-Cornelius Lummenaeus à Marca (van Lummene van Marcke, 1570-1629), first published in print not his prose works, but a biblical tragedy called Iephte in 1608, soon followed by a second one, Carcer Babylonius, in 1610. His tragedies clearly show a preoccupation with gruesome stories of sin and punishment, of divine intervention and retribution. His primary model can be found in the tragedies of Seneca, who, by presenting the audience with displays of emotional hardships, laid focus on the Stoic philosophy as a means of preparing the mind for, and guiding it through, emotionally challenging situations, presenting steadfastness of mind on the rocky path of the sovereign fatum as leading to Stoic virtue. Lummenaeus, however, copied several of those Senecan characteristics to a biblical setting, which gave cause for recent debate, which focused on the difficulties that arise from combining Christian elements like divine providence with fatalistic elements as found in Stoic literature and Senecan drama. This paper will investigate the use Lummenaeus has made of his Roman model, the resulting combination of Stoic and Christian elements in his plays, the problems that this combination might present, and the solutions Lummenaeus created when dealing with this material.

Lucia Gualdo Rosa

Carlo Marsuppini, segretario apostolico

Nel ms. Vat. Lat. 3993 sono raccolti 181 brevi, redatti e "spediti" da Poggio Bracciolini sotto il pontificato di Niccolò V, negli anni 1452-1453. Rinviando ad altri uno studio di questa singolare raccolta dal punto di vista diplomatico ed archivistico, mi fermerò sui due brevi nn. 96-97, che si leggono ai ff. 78v-79v e che riguardano Carlo Marsuppini, invitato dal papa a lasciare la cancelleria fiorentina per trasferirsi a Roma e dedicarsi – libero da ogni impegno burocratico e politico - alla versione in esametri latini dei poemi omerici.

Già editi da Angelo Mai nel I volume dello Spicilegium Romanum (1839), i due brevi sono stati segnalati anche dal Sabbadini nel 1891 e da Giuseppe Zippel nel 1897. E tuttavia essi meritano un'ulteriore riflessione – alla luce di un secolo di ricerche sull'umanesimo italiano e sulle traduzioni dal greco in latino nel '400 – perché essi documentano un momento assai significativo ed una vera e propria svolta, nella storia della cultura umanistica e dei suoi rapporti con la Curia pontificia.

Maria Hartmann Kakucska

Postfach 540223

10042 Berlin

drmariah@googlemail.com

Joannes Ludovicus Vives und seine Beziehungen zu Ungarn

Den spanischen Humanisten Juan Luis Vives (1492-1540) zählte man in seiner Zeit zu der Gelehrtengruppe um Thomas More und Erasmus von Rotterdam. Zwar sind Vives´ pädagogische Vorstellungen heute noch in Europa weit verbreitet, all das aber half ihm nicht, sich und seine Werke vor der Vergessenheit zu bewahren: von den erwähnten drei Gelehrten ist Vives derjenige, der heutzutage am wenigsten bekannt ist.

In meiner Abhandlung stelle ich sein noch unbekannten Einfluss auf Ungarn und seine Bemerkungen über das Land vor. Dort war er vom XVI. bis XVIII. Jahrhundert der bekannteste Spanier. Seine Werke benutzten sowohl der Humanist Nicolaus Olah (1493 - 1568), Péter Pázmány (1570-1637), der katholische Erzbishof von Ungarn als auch die Protestanten z.B. Albert Szenci Molnár (1574-1634). Sein Introductio ad sapientiam, das einzige Werk von Vives, welches ins Ungarische komplett übersetzt wurde, legte nur Pál Szlávy, ein aufgeklärter Mitarbeiter der ungarischen Kanzellarie, im Jahr 1779 vor.

Vives selbst hat in seiner De tratendis disciplinis über die verheerende Schlacht zwischen dem ungarischen und türkischen Heer bei Mohács am 29.08.1526 in Ungarn, berichtet. In diesem Werk erzählt er Einiges über die Regentschaft des ungarischen Königs Mátyás Hunyadi [Matthias Corvinus] (1443-1490).

Trine Johanne Arlund Hass

University of Aarhus

Institute for Language, Literature and Culture

J. Chr. Skousvej 5

DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

klftjah@hum.au.dk

A study of locality descriptions in Danish neo-Latin bucolic poetry

The bucolic genre was popular in sixteenth-century Denmark, and just like the language it is written in, the bucolic universe is transferred from its traditional classical context to a new, foreign location. In Erasmus Laetus' Bucolica, the muses are invited to reside in Valby outside Copenhagen, and in Johannes Pratensis' eclogue Daphnis the shepherds mark the borders of the Danish territory in the beginning of the Nordic Seven Years' War. In these as well as in other poems, the shepherds treat Danish matters in Danish environments, and thereby contribute to the establishment of a Danish identity. This paper takes its point of departure in the tension field between the bucolic poets' need to describe local settings and their ambition to make them valid in a classicizing context. It will focus on locality descriptions in Danish sixteenth-century neo-Latin bucolic poetry in order to examine the linguistic strategies used to construct a local cultural identity through the study of the writers' use of vocabulary and of intertextuality with earlier and contemporary texts.

László Havas

H-4032 Debrecen

Egyetem tér 1.

havas@puma.unideb.hu

Des Admonitions de saint Étienne de Hongrie jusqu'au Tractatus de potestate, rédigé par Ferenc Rákóczi II

Malgré les manuscrits très tardifs (XVe-XVIe siècles), nous ne trouvons pas de cause suffisante pour que les Admonitions ne soient pas attribuées à saint Étienne et au temps de son règne. Mais la question de la datation précise est encore à résoudre. Vu les données, l'opuscule aurait pu être rédigé vers la période 1010/14–1025, car plus tard, l'esprit trop éducatif de l'ouvrage ne correspondrait plus aux circonstances par rapport à un Éméric, fils du roi, déjà adulte.

L'exemple établi par le roi Étienne pour son fils est ce qui suit : rester autonome et indépendant, libre et souverain entre le monde latin et le monde grec, vivre entre et avec eux en paix, en s'accommodant à la cohérence des traditions bibliques, ancienne et médiévale et de l'héritage des ancêtres, les nomades.

Cette pensée politico-philosophique se hausse dans les Admonitions jusqu'au niveau de la philosophie générale, étant donné que l'oeuvre passe essentiellement sur la route de la pensée platonique. Sept cents ans plus tard en Hongrie, une guerre d'indépendance contre les Habsbourg éclata, conduite par Ferenc Rákóczi II qui, après l'échec de sa révolte, a rédigé son testament politique et moral sous le titre Tractatus de potestate. Dans cet ouvrage, le prince hongrois, dépourvu de son pouvoir, déclarait que le souverain idéal avait le droit de s'opposer à un pouvoir qui ne respectait pas la légalité et le bien de la patrie. Rákóczi a formulé cela en se référant avant tout à la Bible et à certaines idées jansénistes, mais, en ce qui concerne la tradition hongroise, il a pu se fonder principalement sur les Admonitions attribuées à saint Étienne lesquelles apparaîent comme un appendice joint au traité du prince. On constate que le texte latin suivi par Rákóczi corréspond mieux au caractère originel, c'est-à-dire platonicien des Admonitions que le texte établi par József BALOGH qui publia une édition critique à la fin des années 1930.

Chris Heesakkers

Berlagestraat 19

NL-2321 EK Leiden

chris.heesakkers@xs4all.nl

Multa fato fieri: The conflict between Erasmus and Alberto Pio

The conflict that arose between Erasmus and Alberto Pio was founded on rumours that, although they proved to be false, caused a long-lasting and vehement controversy (1525-1532). The posthumous edition of Pio's last contribution, which included the three preceding writings of the two gamecocks, counted more than five hundred pages. As Erasmus was convinced that Pio had enjoyed the help of several monks and theologians, he considered himself fully entitled to reply to his dead opponent and his presumed assistants.

The controversy is a chain of misunderstandings, overhasty conclusions, and a persistent doubtfulness and mistrust about each other's good intentions and religious views. There might have been a chance to break out of this spiral, when Pio wrote his restrained Preface to his last work, which looks like an extended hand. Unfortunately, in print it came after Pio's acid marginal notes to Erasmus' preceding contribution. Consequently, Erasmus had already written 47 pages of equally acid comments on Pio's marginal notes, when he came upon Pio's preface. This was too late to temper his anger and indignation. An analysis of Pio's preface will elucidate the lost opportunity.

Judith Rice Henderson

Department of English

University of Saskatchewan

9 Campus Drive

Saskatoon SK S7N 5A5

Judith.Henderson@usask.ca

Despauterius, Erasmus, and Poliziano: Letter Writing in the Ciceronian Controversy

In his Annotationes ad Syntaxin (1510) and Ars epistolica (1513), the Flemish grammarian Johannes Despauterius associates Erasmus' comments on "epistolae character" in an early draft of De conscribendis epistolis with the letters in which Angelo Poliziano opens his own correspondence and debates Ciceronianism with Paolo Cortesi. I argue in my Margaret Mann Phillips lecture (Erasmus of Rotterdam Society at the RSA Conference, April 3, 2008) that Despauterius' grammars and Erasmus' De conscribendis epistolis offered learned responses to the Italian promotion of elegantiae as defined by Lorenzo Valla, Agostino Dati, Niccolò Perotti, and others. Despauterius and Erasmus helped northern scholars steer carefully through the rocky strait between barbarity and social indecorum in letter writing. I propose at the IANLS Congress to follow up this research by testing Depauterius' remarks on Erasmus and Poliziano with a thorough comparison between Erasmus' characterization of epistolary style in De conscribendis epistolis and the debate of Poliziano with the Ciceronians Cortesi and Bartolomeo Scala in the context of the larger Ciceronian controversy.

Janet Roxana Hernández Hernández

Valle del Navia #95

Valle de Aragon 3a sección

Ecatepec de Morelos

Estado de México

C.P. 55280 México

hecate7707@yahoo.com.mx

Una historia de la filosofía para la juventud mexicana

Entre 1796 y 1798, el jesuita mexicano Andrés de Guevara y Basoazábal, durante su exilio en Italia, publicó en Roma la obra Institutiones philosophicae ad usum mexicanae iuventutis. Esta obra es una pieza representativa del movimiento nacionalista iniciado por los jesuitas novohispanos en suelo mexicano y continuado desde Europa después de la expulsión de que fueron objeto por decreto del rey Carlos III el Borbón. Desafortunadamente, la obra del jesuita Andrés de Guevara no ha sido tan estudiada como las obras de sus maestros Francisco Javier Clavijero y Francisco Javier Alegre, por lo cual, en esta ponencia me propongo, por una parte, dar a conocer el estado en que actualmente se encuentran los pocos estudios que existen sobre la vida y obra del jesuita mexicano, y por otra, apuntar, en líneas generales, algunos aspectos de la tradición clásica presente en una parte de la obra, a saber, el capítulo intitulado De philosophiae vicissitudinibus brevis narratio. Todo lo anterior, con la finalidad de ofrecer una muestra más de la recepción de los clásicos grecolatinos en la Nueva España a través de la productiva actividad intelectual de los jesuitas.

Heinz Hofmann

Philologisches Seminar

Wilhelmstrasse 36

D-72074 Tübingen

heinz.hofmann@uni-tuebingen.de

The Eclogues of Basilio Zanchi of Bergamo (1501-1558)

Basilio Zanchi published several lexical and exegetical works on the Holy Scripture but was also a prolific Latin poet of high renown whose Collected Poems were printed in seven books in Rome in 1553, and in eight books in Basle in 1555. He covered a wide range of genres, from the didactic poem to the epigram both Christian and mundane. Among others, he wrote five eclogues four of which bear in the title the names of other poets both dead and alive - Pontano, Navagero, Castiglione, Gambara - and integrate various themes and topics of ancient bucolic poetry (epicedium, panegyric, lament of the distressed lover).

In my paper I shall briefly assess the five eclogues and demonstrate, in conformity with the general theme of the congress, in how far they take over traditional conventions of the genre (reception) and adapt them to the needs of the specifical occasions for which they were written, and the persons to whom they were dedicated. Finally I will show that pastoral topics occur not only in the five eclogues but also in other poems by Zanchi and discuss the blending of genres in Neo-Latin bucolic poetry in general (innovation).

Gerhard Holk

Gumbinnenweg 17

D-31141 Hildesheim

Germany

German Classical Association

holk-hildesheim@t-online.de

Petrus Martyr de Angleria, the first anthropologist of America: Innovations of his Latin and exceptional observations in his decades De Orbe Novo

The first part contains comments on Angleria's scholarly and scientific studies as humanist in Rome and his role as royal chronicler at the court of Queen Isabella of Castile in Spain.

Second, we should also consider his exclusive way of sending his reports on the Spanish discoveries and conquests in the New World in letter form to popes, high clergy, and secular dignitaries. The noteworthy side effects of his reports in Europe and the reasons for the belated authorization to have them printed and published are worth being treated. We have also to regard Angleria's self-assessment as reporter and his anthropological interests.

Third, we should deal with his problems of Latinizing not only the technical, nautical, and military terms of Renaissance Spain but also numerous Indian terms of the newly discovered parts of America. His bold modern solutions are striking.

Fourth, Angleria's choice of excellent source material and his anthropological procedures should be exemplified with his portrait of the Caribes of the Lesser Antilles, experienced seafarers and daring fighters, whose base of livelihood was dependent on abductions and anthropophagy (Dec. 1,2; 9-42).

Zoltán Horogszegi, Krisztina Rábai

Fûtômû u. 1/a.

Szeged

koponyanyi@operamail.com

Die linguistischen Lehren eines mittelalterlichen Rechnungsbuches (Das Rechnungsbuch Herzog Sigismunds)

Das Rechnungsbuch des polnischen Herzog und späteren König Sigismund (1467-1548) - aus der Dynastie der Jagiellonen - sind eine in vielerlei Hinsicht reichhaltige, mittelalterliche Quelle. Die Quelle ermöglicht auf Fragen antworten, wie Hofhaltung konkret funktionierte, aus wievielen Personen der Hof bestand etc. Sie schildert den Tagesablauf des Herzogs, seine Lieblingsbeschäftigungen, Kleidung, die Essgewohnheiten, die Einrichtung seines Zimmers, aber auch den Alltag der "einfachen" Leute. Da des Herzog – zusammen mit seiner Hofhaltung – oft gefahren ist, kann diese Abrechnung die Interesse der Forscher von mehreren Nationen erwecken.

Der Zweck des Referat ist die Eigenannten der Benutzung von der lateinischen Sprache in dem Rechnungsbuch zwischen 1499 und 1506 vorstellen. Die Sprache der Quelle ist Latein, darin findet sich aber auch viele polnische Ausdrücke, Wörter und grammatische Konstruktionen.

Die Autoren beschäftigen sich mit diesem Text – dessen größter Teil noch nicht herausgegeben ist – seit 2002. Der Zweck der Forschung ist ganze Korpus baldmöglichst zu erscheinen und für den Forschern erreichbar zu werden.

Constance P. Iacona

420 Morris Road, #202

Wayne, PA 19087 USA

conniecello@hotmail.com

Vitoldus the Great: Three Views from Three 16th Century Neo-Latin Writers

The late 14th century saw the official beginning of the troubled union between Poland and Lithuania. When Jagello, Grand Duke of Lithuania accepted the throne of Poland, his cousin Vitoldus became grand duke. In the ensuing years of alternate rivalry and co-operation it was the name and exploits of Vitoldus that grew into legendary status.

Three works illustrate this progression from earthly assistant to guiding spirit.

1). Joannes Vislicensis commemorated the defeat in 1410 of the Teutonic Knights by the Lithuanian/Polish army. In his panegyric of King Jagello the part of cousin Vitoldus is almost incidental.

2). Nicolaus Hussovianus, in his elegiac poem about the bison hunt, portrayed the harsh conditions in which Vitoldus trained his armies--- armies that had conquered lands from the Baltic to the Black Sea.

3). Joannes Radvanus' epos celebrated the defeat of Ivan the Terrible in 1564. Vitoldus appears in an inspirational vision to the Lithuanian general on the eve of the battle.

The past has enjoined the Baltic world in warfare but the present accord is illustrated by the up-coming union in Sweden of today's scholarship. It would be an honor to present a part of Lithuania's history in this venue.

Levente Igaz

Hungary – 1081

Budapest, Népszínház u. 37.

Igaz.levente@gmail.com

Central America: Native Cultures in the work of Peter Martyr d'Anghera's De Orbe Novo

Among the numerous documented encounters of the European and the Native American Civilizations, there is a report of an Italian humanist, Peter Martyr d'Anghera (Pietro Martire d'Anghierra), which was written in Latin.

Though he never had been to the New World, had direct access to the first Spanish explorers, for example Columbus, Alonso de Ojeda, Juan de Grijalva and others. The result of these interviews is an interesting report about the pre-Columbian cultures and institutions before were mostly destroyed by the Spanish conquerors. A good example is the description of the Maya maritime-merchant port and center, Tulum, which survived and was a living native town after the arriving of the Spaniards.

Martyr's De Orbe Novo is much more than a good example of the renaissance travel literature; it is an important and valuable document from the beginning of the Modern Age, written by an Italian humanist, out of his home and about a real "New World" which was absolutely different from the "Old Continent". This complexity made it interesting to the readers.

Martha Irigoyen

Correggio # 79

Col. Cd. de los deportes

Mexico City

03710 Mexico

marthairigoyen@hotmail.com, mariri@prodigy.net.mx

Sources of the sublime in Landivar's Rusticatio Mexicana

Rafael Landívar was born in Guatemala in 1731. After getting his Bachelor's degree he travelled to Mexico, where, in 1756, he was ordained a Jesuit priest. In 1767, by orders of King Charles III, he was arrested and sent into exile. After a short stay in Cuba he went to Italy, where he was to remain for the rest of his life, overwhelmed with sorrow.

During his exile, Landívar composed his major work: the Rusticatio Mexicana, a long poem written in hexameters the classical way. It is also a song to nature, works and crafts in the Central American Isthmus and may be considered as a way of paying tribute to his dearest America and, moreover, as the only way of keeping alive the memory of his homeland.

Due to his utmost dominion of Latin, among other qualities, Landívar is regarded as one of the greatest American Neo-Latin writers. In this paper I will point out natural phenomena -and particularly the American landscapes described by the author- as sources of a particular concept of the sublime in the Rusticatio. In order to sustain this concept, specific passages will be quoted and my own translation into Spanish and English will be provided. (201 words)

Antonio Iurilli

Università di Palermo

Viale delle Scienze, edif. XV

PALERMO

HOME: 70037 RUVO DI PUGLIA

Corso A. Jatta 81

aiuril@alice.it

Raccontare il viaggio in Latino alle soglie della modernità

Oggetto del mio intervento è ancora una volta la tarda scrittura latina, indagata all'interno di uno specifico genere letterario: la scrittura odeporica. Intendo, infatti, occuparmi dell'Iter Italicum Patavinum, racconto di un viaggio scientifico scritto in Latino intorno al 1770 dallo scienziato Domenico Cotugno e rimasto inedito fino ad una recente, non del tutto affidabile, edizione. L'esame dell'opera, che vado conducendo in vista di un'edizione critica del testo, mira a fornire una interessante prova (e le relative ragioni) del perdurare dell'uso della lingua latina in un genere letterario per molti versi considerato come ancillare rispetto alla scrittura scientifica, e ormai, insieme a quest'ultima, largamente conquistato, a quell'altezza cronologica ormai prossima all'affermarsi del grand tour, alle lingue nazionali. Oltre che come testimonianza tarda della resistenza del Latino all'interno di un codice comunicativo particolarmente sensibile all'innovazione linguistica 'moderna', l'Iter Italicum Patavinum si offre come prezioso documento della coeva realtà scientifico-accademica, nonché bibliotecaria, italiane, entrambe presentate attraverso una strategia narrativa che ha nell'incontro sia privato sia istituzionale la sua forma espressiva più accattivante.

Pierangela Izzi

Dipartimento di scienze umane

Facolta' di lettere e filosofia

Universita' degli studi di Foggia

Via Arpi, 155

71100 Foggia

pierangela.izzi@tiscali.it

Lo Spicilegium dello Scoppa: vocabolario latino-napoletano?

Tra il 1511 e il 1512 appare l'editio princeps dello Spicilegium del grammatico napoletano Lucio Giovanni Scoppa (1480 ca. – 1549/50 ca.), cui seguiranno altre fortunate edizioni: II edizione 1526 (Napoli); III edizione 1551 (Napoli); IV edizione 1561 (Venezia) e V edizione 1567 (Venezia). Vocabolario latino, articolato in due sezioni, lo Spicilegium, nell'area espositiva di ciascun lemma sostantivale e aggettivale, fornisce le corrispettive voci volgari, provenienti da quel "napoletano misto", che aggregava forme toscane ad altre provenienti dal latino, dal napoletano parlato ovvero da area più estesamente meridionale. Alla luce del complesso e variegato panorama linguistico dei primi decenni del Cinquecento si cercherà di verificare se dal canto suo Scoppa, nel passaggio dal repertorio latino alla tabula volgare, abbia accolto esclusivamente voci meridionali oppure non abbia trascurato quei neologismi, siano essi francesismi siano ispanismi, che ben testimoniano le vicissitudini politiche, di cui fu oggetto il Regno di Napoli tra il Quattrocento e il Cinquecento. Si avrà modo di constatare che tali neologismi affiancano termini napoletani, che ormai penetrati nell'uso comune inducono il grammatico, maestro di scuola, a realizzare un vocabolario nel quale la presenza dei forestierismi non appare del tutto marginale.

Marijke Janssens

Blijde Inkomststraat 21 (06.08)

bus 3316

3000 Leuven (Belgium)

marijke.janssens@arts.kuleuven.be

"Pulcherrime coeptum opus absolve": The Monita et exempla politica (1605), Justus Lipsius' last words on Politics

When Justus Lipsius published his Monita et exempla politica. Libri duo qui virtutes et vitia principum spectant in 1605, he had already earned a reputation as a competent philologist and Neostoic philosopher, but also as a political writer thanks to the publication of the Politicorum sive civilis doctrinae libri sex (1589). While the Leyden Politica has recently received much scholarly attention, very little attention has (generally) been paid to the Monita et exempla politica, written by Lipsius after his return to the Southern Netherlands in 1592 and conceived as an illustration of the more theoretical Politica by means of historical examples. However, in order to get a comprehensive idea of Lipsius' political ideology and its development, the Monita also needs to be taken into account.

Therefore we want to present and interpret this overlooked political tract in our paper, thereby paying attention to the keys of interpretation presented by the author himself. Moreover, a comparison between the Monita and the Politica should allow us to form a careful judgement on the true nature of these works and of Lipsius' intentions and might confirm or contradict certain current views on Lipsius' political writings.

Ann-Mari Jönsson

Projekt Linnékorrespondensen

Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, Uppsala

ann-mari.jonsson@lingfil.uu.se

Linnaeus's International Correspondence. The Spreading of a Revolution

Linnaeus sparked one of the greatest scientific revolutions ever. It began in Holland in 1735 and celebrated its final triumph in Italy in 1773.

In Linnaeus's international correspondence we can clearly see three stages of his revolution: The first stage begins in 1735 when Linnaeus published Systema naturae (1735). His ideas are well received in a circle of Dutch botanists, for example, Johannes Burman (1707-1779) in Amsterdam. The second stage can be dated to the 1740's. The revolution began to spread in wider circles, including Cadwallader Colden (1688-1776) in New York and Johannes Gessner (1709-1790) in Zürich. The men of the second stage regarded themselves as reformers and missionaries. The third stage comes in the 1750s. Typical representatives of this stage are Peter Collinson (1694-1768) in London and Antoine Gouan (1733-1821) in Montpellier. The men of the third and last stage finally confirmed Linnaeus's revolution.

All the surviving letters to and from Linnaeus, about 5,500 - 40% in Latin, 40% in Swedish, the rest in other European languages - are now being published electronically (www.linnaeus.c18.net).

Arne Jönsson

SOL, Lund University

Box 201, 221 00 Lund

Arne.Jonsson@klass.lu.se

Philology and diplomacy: On Jan Rutgers, a Dutch humanist at the court of Gustav II Adolf

Jan Rutgers (1589–1625) got an excellent education: in his home town, Dordrecht, he was taught by Gerhard Johann Vossius, and in Leiden University by Dominicus Baudius, Joseph Justus Scaliger and Daniel Heinsius. In 1611 he went to France to continue his philological studies and, no doubt, his ambition was to become a professor teaching the great classical authors. On his return to Holland he found however that he had to change his plans and eventually he took up a rather different career: as a diplomat in Swedish service. In the next ten years he served as Swedish representative in the Dutch Republic and as emissary to German princes. His most dramatic mission was that to Prague in 1620, from where he reported in a series of letters on the Bohemian adventure of Elector Palatine Frederick V.

Rutgers' colleague in London, Sir James Spens, had an entirely different background. He was a Scottish officer, his schooling seems to have been rudimentary, and he was a man of little Latin.

A great number of letters from the two diplomats to King Gustav II Adolf and Chancellor of the Realm Axel Oxenstierna are extant, giving us a close insight into their varied diplomatic activities. In my paper I will compare Rutgers' and Spens' diplomatic correspondence trying to point out differences in analyses, presentation and diplomatic methods.

Agnes Juhasz-Ormsby

Department of English

York University, Toronto

42 Leslie Street, St John's NL, A1E 2V6

agnesormsby@hotmail.com

University affiliation after 1 July, 2008:

Department of English, Memorial University of Newfoundland

Leonard Cox and the Erasmian Circles of Early Sixteenth-Century England

Several studies have been published on the Welsh humanist scholar, poet, and educator Leonard Cox's (fl. c.1512-c.1547) influential involvement in the Erasmian circles in Poland and Hungary, his prolific publications, and extensive connection with Continental humanists, including Erasmus and Melanchton, during his peregrination between 1518 and 1527. Yet his educational and scholarly activities after his return to England are still largely unexplored. In my proposed paper, therefore, I intend to examine the intellectual and court circles he was associated with in England, including his relation with such prominent figures as Thomas Cromwell, John Leland, and John Palsgrave. I will survey the extant documents, dedicatory poems, and prefatory letters appended to his rhetorical works and translations of Erasmus printed in London between 1532 and 1549 as well as his contribution to the Epistola Martini Lutheri ad Henricum VIII (Cracow, 1527) to situate him among the Erasmian schoolmasters who were instrumental in the educational and religious reforms during the reign of Henry VIII.

Erika Juríková

Trnavská univerzita, Katedra klasických jazykov

Hornopotoèná 23

918 43 Trnava

erika.jurikova@truni.sk

The Latin book production of the Trnava University Press and its value for Slovak science and literature

The Jesuit Trnava University, which existed in Trnava as the only university in the territory of Hungarian Kingdom during 17th and 18th century, has significantly contributed to the development of education and literacy. Many pedagogues were employed by the university who were propagating the ideas of the Enlightenment, new scientific movements and became pioneers of numerous modern scientific disciplines. An organic part of the university site was a botanical garden, a hospital with a pharmacy and an astronomical observatory. A new historical school formed on the faculty of Arts that was focused on the national history. The university press intensively contributed to the development of the typography and to the growth of the book trade. It was mostly didactical literature written in Latin published by the press, also scientific dissertations, historical treatises, small lyric poetry and the well known almanacs from Trnava. The complex evaluation of the significance of the Trnava University will be possible only after concluding of the current partial researches.

Katharina Kagerer

Internationales Doktorandenkolleg "Textualität in der Vormoderne"

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Theresienstraße 39

80333 München

private address:

Schubertstraße 2

82194 Gröbenzell

Deutschland

katharina.kagerer@web.de

Der Jesuitendichter Jacob Balde zwischen Historiographie und Poesie

Gegen seinen Willen wurde Jacob Balde SJ im Jahr 1640 von Kurfürst Maximilian I. von Bayern mit einer Darstellung der bayerischen Geschichte beauftragt. Balde, der versuchte, die eigene Zeitgeschichte zu schreiben, gelang es nicht, die divergierenden Interessen des fürstlichen Auftraggebers einerseits und des Jesuitenordens andererseits in Einklang zu bringen. Er hielt es für unvereinbar mit seinem Ethos als Historiograph, aus politischer Rücksichtnahme sein Konzept der historischen Wahrheit aufzugeben. Aufgrund der Erfahrung der Sinnlosigkeit seiner historiographischen Tätigkeit und der seiner Amtsvorgänger stellte Balde das Geschichtsprojekt zurück; von der einzigen historiographischen Schrift, die er vollendete, sind nur Einzelzitate überliefert. Balde gab stattdessen der lyrischen Dichtung den Vorrang, die mehr Erfolg und Nachruhm versprach. In poetischer Form reflektiert er schließlich auch seine Erfahrungen als Historiker, allerdings in einer vielfältig verschlüsselten Traumallegorie ("Somnium", 1643). Der Sinn des Gedichts erschließt sich erst aus Baldes geheimem pseudonymen Selbstkommentar ("Interpretatio Somnii", 1649), der an manchen Stellen mit großer Offenheit die Konflikte darlegt und wie sonst selten Einblicke in das Selbstverständnis eines Jesuitendichters in fürstlichen Diensten erlaubt, an anderen Stellen aber weiterhin durchaus dunkel bleibt. Die eigenwillige Textkonstellation gibt in ihrer Verbindung von Textverschlüsselung und Selbstkommentierung Aufschlüsse darüber, welche Möglichkeiten poetischen und historiographischen Sprechens Balde nutzen konnte.

Craig Kallendorf

1712 Glade St.

College Station

Texas 77840

USA

kalendrf@tamu.edu

Commentaries, Commonplaces, and Neo-Latin Studies

How can a Renaissance commentary be distinguished from its medieval predecessor? Part of the answer is that the former focuses far more on commonplaces than the latter does.

In De ordine docendi et studendi, Battista Guarino explains that a reader should look for commonplaces, which should be copied out and preserved for reuse in his own compositions. Handwritten commentaries entered into early printed editions of Virgil confirm this practice. Printed commentaries like those of Paulus Manutius helped the reader find the commonplaces he was looking for. These commonplaces were reorganized into printed collections that placed the content of classical authors into categories that were Renaissance rather than ancient. Virgilian commentaries like that of Juan Luis de la Cerda in turn made explicit links to texts like Erasmus's Adages, Neo-Latin works that view ancient literature in the same way.

This focus on commonplaces shows how Neo-Latin literature is both bound to, and different from, the classical culture from which it evolved: the collection of commonplaces for reuse in original compositions in Latin predicates a common culture, but the focus on commonplaces that emerges from Neo-Latin commentaries is a Renaissance phenomenon, not a classical one.

Dr Sari Kivistö

Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies

P.O.Box 4

FIN-00014 University of Helsinki

Finland

sari.kivisto@helsinki.fi

Eutrapelia and festivitas in the early modern legal context

In the early modern period, humour was considered important in social relations. Humour refreshed the mind, made social intercourse agreeable, helped to manage problematic situations, calmed down anxiety and comforted the sad. A sense of humour was not only a natural talent but a skill that could be cultivated by instruction. Rhetorical treatises, conduct manuals and handbooks of preaching gave advice about proper forms of jesting in different contexts. I will deal with the limits of joking as they were conceived in two early modern legal dissertations that have not received scholarly attention. These texts are Dissertatio inauguralis de Jure Facetiarum (Jena, 1688) by Johann Volkmar Bechmann and Johann Balthasar Staudt, and Tractatio iuridica de Joco (Frankfurt, 1704) by Joachim Hoppe and Elias August Stryk. They discuss verbal humour and practical jokes, exploring what kinds of jokes and tricks were punishable by law. The classical rhetorical tradition with its emphasis on the principle of decorum, and Aristotelian ethics with its virtue of wit, eutrapelia (Lat. urbanitas, festivitas), provided an important theoretical foundation for these discussions. The texts considered forms of joking in various situations, such as when giving verbal promises of marriage, swearing an oath and leaving a last will.

Dr. Elisabeth Klecker

Institut für Klassische Philologie, Mittel- und Neulatein

Dr. Karl Lueger-Ring 1

A-1010 Wien

elisabeth.klecker@univie.ac.at

Technische Innovation – innovativer Unterricht. Eine jesuitische Promotionsschrift aus dem Wien des Jahres 1725

Im Jahr 1725 wurde den neo-magistri der Philosophie an der Wiener Jesuitenuniversität wie üblich eine lateinische Gratulationsschrift überreicht. Hinter dem Titel "Feriae aestivae" verbirgt sich eine Art lateinischer Wienführer in narrativer Einkleidung: Da die Sommerhitze andere Unternehmungen verhindert, trifft sich ein kleiner Freundeskreis zu Gesprächen über die Wiener Gartenpalais. Im Medium eines ciceronianischen Dialogs entsteht so ein Bild des barocken Wien, an dem besonders die Beschreibung der Dampfmaschine bemerkenswert ist, die Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach nach englischem Vorbild für Bewässerung und Wasserspiele des Palais Schwarzenberg konstruiert hatte. Die neue Technik wird in einem betont kolloquialen Stil (im Gegensatz sowohl zu Lehrgedicht als auch Fachprosa) bewältigt.

Im Vergleich mit der 1727 erschienenen (deutschsprachigen) Zeitschrift "Das merckwürdige Wienn", die die Dampfmaschine ebenfalls im Rahmen gelehrter Unterhaltung behandelt, wird darüber hinaus deutlich, dass der Unterricht an der Wiener Jesuitenuniversität nicht nur auf aktuelle Errungenschaften einging, sondern Zeitgeschmack und Publikumsinteressen berücksichtigte. Ausgehend von den "Feriae aestivae" kann daher versucht werden, anhand der lateinischen Promotionsschriften des frühen 18. Jh. ein besseres Bild der Lehrpraxis zu gewinnen und die angebliche (von Aufklärern kritisierte) Rückständigkeit zu hinterfragen.

Sarah Knight

University of Leicester

Department of English

University Road

Leicester LE1 7RH

U.K.

"Inwrought with figures dim": Milton, Latin and the early modern university

John Milton first published his Prolusions, a series of Latin prose orations, in 1674, although they were delivered during the late 1620s and early 1630s when Milton was a Cambridge student. I will discuss how humanist rhetorical training – particularly skill in the controversia – animates these orations; I will also consider how skills developed in the Prolusions, particularly the performance of authoritative, eloquent first-person self-expression, and the creation of distinct rhetorical personae, would prove extremely important for Milton's later career as a writer both in Latin and in English.

This paper will consider Milton as a bilingual writer, and as a point of focus across his Latin and his English writing, I will compare his representations of university life in the Prolusions with the perspectives on the academy offered elsewhere, from a contemptuous assessment of college amateur dramatics in the Apology for Smectymnuus, to a suggestive reference to 'studious Cloysters pale' in 'Il Penseroso', from the glimpses into Stuart Cambridge offered by the English poems 'Lycidas' and 'On the University Carrier', and the Latin 'Elegia Prima', to the intellectual temptations the academy of Athens represents in Book Four of Paradise Regained. This paper will show how Milton's literary and argumentative technique developed during his university career, and illustrates the impact Milton's academic training in rhetoric and formal disputation had on his later writing.

This paper forms part of the special session Nupta aut Domina? Latin and the vernacular in Renaissance England.

Wolfgang Kofler

Universität Innsbruck

Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen

Bereich Latinistik/Gräzistik

Atrium am Langen Weg 11

A-6020 Innsbruck

wolfgang.kofler@uibk.ac.at

Palaemonis sub persona. Die Palaemon-Ekloge von Paul Ottenthaler

Der Tiroler Paul Ottenthaler studierte in Ingolstadt. Nachdem er dort im Jahr 1556 die Magisterwürde erreicht hatte, kehrte er wieder in seine Heimat zurück. Er bekam eine Stelle als Erzieher der Edelknaben am Hof in Innsbruck und wurde später Bibliothekar von Amras. In den Jahren nach seiner Rückkehr trat er als Verfasser mehrerer literarischer Werke in deutscher und lateinischer Sprache in Erscheinung. Unter letzteren ragt das 1557 erschienene bukolische Gedicht Palaemon hervor. In der Ekloge treten zwei Hirten, Damoetas und Tityrus, auf und beklagen das Verschwinden eines besonders beliebten Kollegen namens Palaemon. Der Vortrag versucht herauszuarbeiten, in welcher Weise der Dichter sein wichtigstes Vorbild Vergil adaptiert und in Konkurrenz zu ihm tritt. Weiters fragt er danach, wer sich hinter der Figur des Palaemon verbirgt, und stellt den Text damit in die – gerade in der Bukolik beliebte – Tradition allegorischer Texte, die in verschlüsselter Form auf Persönlichkeiten aus dem realen Leben anspielen.

Jozef Kordoš

Trnavská univerzita, Katedra klasických jazykov

Hornopotoèná 23

918 43 Trnava

jkordos@gmail.com

Tyrnavia crescens – a rhetorical exercise or an artwork of imitation?

In the 1707, a work Tyrnavia crescens was published by the Trnava University Press to honour a solemn graduation of the fresh doctores. It was written by Stephanus Csiba SJ, a professor of poetics and rhetoric at the Universitas Tyrnaviensis (1635—1777), and, as the title implies, it might be a continuation of the historical epos Tyrnavia nascens published by the same press and the same author one year earlier. However, the two works can not be related as long as the form is concerned – Tyrnavia crescens is a prosaic work, a work of five panegyrics dedicated to the five major historical or spiritual characters of Hungarian history. As the subtitle of the work suggests, Stephanus Csiba had chosen those, who had greatly contributed to the growth of the academic town and to the development of the erudition. Although a direct reference to Tyrnavia nascens can be found in the preface of the work and there is no doubt that both works were written by the same author, the authorship of the Tyrnavia crescens is not claimed by the Musarum Tyrnaviensium Chorus, as it is in case of the epic poem, but by the Rhetores Academici Tyrnavienses. This paper will focus on the first panegyric dedicated to Peter Pazmany, "another founder of Tyrnavia".

Martin Korenjak

Institut für Klassische Philologie

Der Universität Bern

Länggassstrasse 49

CH – 3000 Bern 9

martin.korenjak@kps.unibe.ch

Giovanni Battista Graser, De praestantia logices. Ein aufklärerisches Lehrgedicht an Maria Theresia

Die Aufklärung bringt mit sich die bis dato letzte Blüte des Lehrgedichts als literarische Gattung. Der Schwerpunkt liegt im 18. Jh. bereits auf den Volkssprachen, doch neulateinische Texte sind nach wie vor keine Seltenheit. Ein bemerkenswertes Beispiel stellt das nur handschriftlich erhaltene didaktische Epos De praestantia logices dar, das der Roveretaner Geistliche und Lehrer Giovanni Battista Graser im Jahr 1756 verfasst und Maria Theresia gewidmet hat. Der Vortrag wird zunächst über Autor und Entstehungsumstände des Gedichtes informieren und einen Überblick über seinen Inhalt und Aufbau geben. Den nächsten Teil wird ein Überblick über Grasers auf hohem Niveau stehende Lukrez- und Vergilrezeption bilden, wie sie sich in Struktur, Motivik, Sprache und Metrik von De praestantia logices manifestiert. Ausgehend vom ungewöhnlichen Thema des Werkes soll schließlich gezeigt werden, dass und wie sich Graser mit ihm Maria Theresias als aufgeklärter Gelehrter empfiehlt; auf diese Weise lässt es sich als interessantes Dokument ihrer aufklärerischen Bildungs- und Kulturpolitik lesen.

Ruth Elisabeth Kritzer

Fachbereich Altertumswissenschaften/

Klassische Philologie und Wirkungsgeschichte der Antike

Residenzplatz 1/I

5010 Salzburg (A)

ruth.kritzer@sbg.ac.at

Renaissance Rome Descriptions in Comparison

As the 15th and 16th century Rome topographers profited from each other, so their works even differ from each other concerning structure, their intention of imparting and main focus on the use of literary sources and graphic material. By means of a comparison between a few representative passages dealing with the same subject, these similarities and differences as well as the profit we can derive from this comparison shall be demonstrated. Principally considered will be the works of Flavio Biondo (15th cent.), Andrea Fulvio and Giovanni Bartolomeo Marliano (both 16th cent.), as they are similar in length, content and their target group; corresponding examples taken from other authors, especially of the relatively late Jean Jacques Boissard, will - if containing relevant information - also be included. (The presented paper is a part of first results of the research project "Latin Renaissance Rome Descriptions" financed by the Austrian Science Fund [FWF].)

Hermann Krüssel

Grünenthaler Str. 119

52072 Aachen

heckelen-kruessel@web.de

Napoleon in lateinischen Gedichten niederländischer Zeitgenossen: Charles Clément Roemers und Aristogiton Frisius

Kaum ein Herrscher hat die Menschen zunächst so fasziniert und anschließend in seiner Hybris einen gewaltigen Blutzoll gefordert wie Napoleon. Diese Entwicklung, die sich in diesen Jahren in 200jährigen Jubiläen nachzeichnen lässt, soll an zwei niederländischen Dichtern verdeutlicht werden.

Charles Clément Roemers (1748-1838) aus Maastricht erlebte 1793 eine französische Beschießung, vertrat aber ab 1797 seine Heimat im Rat der Fünfhundert. 1806 schrieb er begeistert auf Napoleons Rückkehr aus Austerlitz Napoleoni in Galliam Reduci adplausus. 1811 pries er anlässlich der Geburt des Königs von Rom noch einmal Napoleons Tapferkeit und seine Heimat glücklich (poema patriae sacrum). Enttäuscht zog er sich nach dem Russlandfeldzug seines Helden in die Heimat zurück.

Als Aristogiton Frisius verarbeitete ein Friese 1813 in den carmina quinque dicata honori ac meritis Napoleontis Magni den Verlust seines Bruders, der den Russlandfeldzug nicht überlebt hatte. Die fünf Gesänge erlauben einen ungewöhnlichen privaten Blick in die Freuden, Sorgen und die Trauer einer Familie, die gegen ihren Willen einen Sohn für Napoleons Feldzüge abstellen musste, lassen aber als Invektive mit der Erwähnung der brutalen Übergriffe napoleonischer Soldaten in Woerden 1813 auch einen Blick auf die Situation der besetzten Zivilbevölkerung zu.

Claude La Charité

Chaire de recherche du Canada en histoire littéraire

Département de lettres

Université du Québec à Rimouski

300, allée des Ursulines, C.P. 3300

Rimouski (Québec) G5L 3A1

Canada

claude_la_charite@uqar.qc.ca

La traduction latine de la harangue de Henri III aux États Généraux de 1576

Dans la foulée de la publication, en langue vernaculaire, de la harangue prononcée par Henri III aux États Généraux de Blois en 1576, paraît l'année suivante une traduction latine, due à un certain Benedictus de Flandria, médecin à Gap, et dédiée à Guillaume d'Avançon de Saint-Marcel, archevêque d'Embrun et député du clergé du Dauphiné : Oratio Henrici III. Galliae ac Poloniae Regis, gallice, summa cum actionis dignitate Comitiis habita, in praeclara et Regum altrice Blesiorum urbe : Ad tres Gallici populi praecipuos ordines, 1576. octavo Idus Decembr.

Cette traduction visait sans dote un double objectif : premièrement, restaurer l'image de Henri III auprès de ses sujets de Pologne, où, durant son court règne, il avait fait piètre impression, étant incapable de maîtriser la langue politique de cette république aristocratique, le latin; deuxièmement, diffuser le succès oratoire et politique du dernier Valois lors de ces États Généraux auprès de l'opinion publique étrangère, et en particulier auprès des cours d'Espagne et d'Angleterre, intéressées au premier chef par les guerres civiles françaises. Cette communication étudiera comment la traduction latine témoigne d'un effort d'adaptation à ces divers destinataires.

Han Lamers

Department of Classical Studies

University of Leiden

Doelensteeg 16

P.O. Box 9515

2300 RA Leiden

The Netherlands

h.lamers@hum.leidenuniv.nl

Spartans Speaking Latin: Marullus's and Rallus's Latinzed Ideologies of Greekness

As a consequence of the Ottoman expansion in the 15th century, many learned Byzantines fled to Italy and settled in political centres such as Rome, Naples and Venice. Although they were occasionally positively valued (as heirs of classical Greek literature and philosophy), they faced serious problems in being recognized in their new social environment. In order to accomplish recognition, some Byzantine exiles in Italy studied Latin and made notable efforts to participate in Neo-Latin political, philosophical and poetical discourses. In doing so, they became true masters of Latinity and managed to adapt relevant contemporary Neo-Latin discourses for their political needs. In doing so, they succeeded in presenting new concepts of Byzantine Greekness in order to match and subvert Italian prejudices and expectations. In my analysis, I will discuss the Neo-Latin poetry of Michael Tarchaniota Marullus (1458-1500) and Manilius Cabacius Rallus (1447-1523).

Marc Laureys

Universität Bonn

Griechische und Lateinische Philologie

Am Hof 1

D-53113 Bonn

m.laureys@uni-bonn.de

Die Kunst der Verunglimpfung in Nikodemus Frischlins Satiren gegen Jakob Rabus

Im 16. Jahrhundert wurde die Glaubensspaltung ein entscheidender Faktor in der weiteren Entwicklung der humanistischen Streitkultur. Mehrere literarische Gattungen wurden für den Kampf um den rechten Glauben dienstbar gemacht; neue Wege und Möglichkeiten der streitbaren Kommunikation wurden intensiv erprobt. Nikodemus Frischlin (1547-1590) gehört zu den Autoren, welche sich auf besonders kreative Weise mit der Glaubensproblematik in ihrem literarischen Œuvre auseinandersetzen. Dabei scheute Frischlin die offene Kontroverse nicht; sein ganzes Wirken ist sogar wesentlich von seinem satirischen Talent und seiner Neigung zum Spott bestimmt. Am deutlichsten treten diese Eigenschaften in seinen Dramen zutage, die nicht zufällig auch am besten erforscht sind. Es gibt jedoch auch in seinen sonstigen, viel weniger bekannten poetischen Werken ähnliche Glanzstücke.

In diesem Vortrag möchte ich mich auf die Anfangsphase im dichterischen Schaffen Frischlins konzentrieren und die 8 Satiren, die er etwa 1567-1568 gegen den katholischen Konvertiten Jakob Rabus geschrieben hat, näher untersuchen. Frischlin verurteilt Rabus' Übergang zum Katholizismus und verteidigt den protestantischen Glauben gegen vermeintliche Vorwürfe. Insbesondere möchte ich der Frage nachgehen, in welcher Weise Frischlin vor dem Hintergrund der antiken Satirentradition seine Satiren im Spannungsfeld zwischen sachlicher Polemik und spöttischer Invektive zum poetischen Kampfinstrument funktionalisiert.

István Dávid Lázár

Kertész köz 6.

H-6772 Deszk (Hungary)

povi1@freemail.hu

Il Petrarca e la tirannia

Nell'opera completa del Petrarca non troviamo un'opera che tratta definitivamente della teoria dello stato, l'autore invece in molti luoghi vi informa del fatto che secondo la sua opinione quale forma del governo fosse accettabile. Il Petrarca parla di questo tema anche in più parti del Familiarum rerum libri. Secondo lui l'ideale forma di governo è monarchica, ma il regnante deve essere colto e deve mostrare benevolenza verso i suoi sudditi.

La sua opinione rispetto la tirannia è abbastanza definita, in quanto nell'epoca del suo soggiorno a Milano lo accusano da diverse parti – sia da parte dei suoi amici che nemici – che piglia volentieri la benevolenza dei tiranni. La sua risposta dettagliata su quest'accusa possiamo leggere nella sua invettiva intitolata Contra magni status hominem. In questa sua opera il Petrarca chiama l'attenzione del fatto che non soltanto i monarchi possono essere tiranni, ma anche la democrazia può diventare tirannia ( riferendo così alla propria delusione causata dal tentativo di Cola di Rienzo). Assevera animosamente la propria indipendenza intellettuale, e smentisce l'opinione secondo cui i Visconti fossero tiranni.

L'ideale modo d'esistenza per Petrarca invece è la ritiratezza, la solitudine feconda, di cui – come lo sappiamo dal De vita solitaria - poteva beneficiare nel suo amato podere a Valchiusa.

Dr. J.L.R. Ledegang-Keegstra

Bosweg 12

7681 GJ Vroomshoop

Pays-Bas

fledegang@hetnet.nl

Théodore de Bèze et Martinus Lydius: victoire sur l'Invincibilis illa Classis

Après plus de quatre siècles, l'histoire de l'Invincible Armada parle toujours à l'imagination. C'est la cause pourquoi, en Angleterre, chaque année la commémoration de sa défaite ayant eu lieu le 21 juillet 1588, est célébrée solennellement.

A l'époque, il ne s'agissait non seulement d'une bataille maritime entre l'Espagne et l'Angleterre, mais surtout d'une lutte de controverse entre la religion catholique et la religion protestante. C'est pourquoi il ne doit pas étonner que le réformateur Théodore de Bèze ait dédié à la reine Elisabeth d'Angleterre des poèmes concernant cet événement victorieux.

On peut se demander comment un de ces poèmes s'est retrouvé sans délai à Franeker, en Frise. Il a été inséré dans un petit livre de la main de Martinus Lydius, premier recteur de l'Académie de cette ville et porte le titre De Formidabili Illa Classe Hispanica Divinitus Repressa, Fracta, Dissipata, Dextrae Excelsi Celebratio (1589).

Mia Anneli Lengborg

Sörhallstorget 25

417 63 Göteborg

bengborg@bredband.net

Friendship through money or virtue? Subject and style, sincerity and satire in Stiernhielm's Idyllion Anacreonticum

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of Georg Stiernhielm's Idyllion Anacreonticum, its style, literary context and immediate reception. New light is shed on the elaborateness of Stiernhielm´s composition, with its levels of interplay between historical context and literary form. The well known circumstances preceding the creation of Idyllion are analysed, drawing parallels between the poem´s style and characters and its author and original recipients. Idyllion´s underlying theme of choice between virtue and worldliness also has its counterpart in an intricate structure of chiastic, parallelistic and antithetic elements. On the surface, the form, metre and stylistic devices employed in Idyllion indicate skilful but conventional craft. The poem does, however, offer innovative and poignant use of Stiernhielm's own linguistic theories. Drawing on ideas from Plato's Kratylos, Stiernhielm elaborates on the intrinsic meaning of sounds; thus important passages of the poem are stressed by accentuated usage of certain letters and phonemes. Furthermore, several principal characters, perhaps including the poem's mysterious interlocutors, bear names laden with intrinsic meaning. The deeper significance of Idyllion can also be traced to Stiernhielm´s general philosophical programme. Through skilful and elaborate compostion Stiernhielm thus manages to blend sincerity and satire and to provide an in all respects meaningful whole.

Anna Maria Lesigang-Bruckmüller

Geigergasse 11/5

A-1050 Wien

annamaria@lesigang.at

"Quousque tandem fatali ense nostris minitabitur cervicibus cruentus Mavors?" – Über eine anklagende Götterversammlung und jesuitische Gratulationsschriften

Die Gratulationsschriften, die die Professoren an den Kollegien der Jesuiten für ihre Absolventen verfassten, sind Zeugnisse für die Präsentation aktueller Lehrinhalte in antikem Gewand und gewähren Einblick in die Lehrpraxis der Jesuiten, die im 17. Jh. noch als sehr fortschrittlich galt.

Als Beispiel soll der "Libellus querimoniarum adversus Martem" (Graz 1684) von der Rhetorikklasse des Grazer Kollegiums dienen, der als Unikat in der barocken Seminarbibliothek in Laibach / Ljubljana (Slowenien) aufbewahrt wird. Darin wird der Kriegsgott Mars in einem Göttersenat angeklagt wegen der Grausamkeiten, die er im gerade beendeten Türkenkrieg verbrochen hat, und schließlich von Jupiter verurteilt. Der Verfasser dieser Schrift, P. Christian Zier SJ, konnte dabei auf eine reiche Tradition komischer Götterversammlungen zurückgreifen, Lukians Concilium Deorum, Senecas Apocolocyntosis oder das Somnium des Justus Lipsius.

Der Student der Rhetorik sollte mit solchen Redeübungen lernen, sich in verschiedene Typen hineinzuversetzen (in diesem Fall in die zornige Juno, die traurige Diana, die beleidigte Pallas etc.), um als späterer Redner, Redenschreiber oder Advokat leichter auf verschiedene Personen eingehen zu können. Durch den antiken Götterapparat wird dem Text - jesuitischer Pädagogik entsprechend - Heiterkeit verliehen, ein Charakteristikum dieser Schriften. Mit der Gratulationsschrift demonstrierte der Redelehrer auch der Öffentlichkeit die Sinnhaftigkeit und Praxisnähe seines Unterrichts.

Bo Lindberg

University of Gothenburg

Bo.Lindberg@idehist.gu.se

Reason of State and Tacitism in Scholarly and Practical Sources in 17th Century Sweden

As Sweden entered the European theatre during the 1620- and 30s, political discourse developed on the level of theory as well as in practice. At the universities, cautious professors filtered contemporary political theory to the students. The contents of their teaching can be followed in lecture manuscripts and printed dissertations, all in Latin. In the Royal Council on the other hand, the Swedish strategy in the on-going German war was discussed; extant from these deliberations are protocols, mainly in Swedish but also in Latin. I intend to compare how the issue of reason of state was dealt with in these different contexts and sources. In the scholarly sources, there are few traces of explicit Tacitist doctrine; but the topics pertaining to reason of state were treated, mostly – that is my impression so far – according to Lipsius and with due regard to Lutheran theology. In the Royal Council, on the other hand, a more realistic attitude penetrated the discussions and the concept of reason of state was frequently appealed to. It is my expectation that the comparison between these two levels, the one scholarly and exclusively Latin, the other practical and mostly in the vernacular, will be rewarding.

Susanna Longo

Maître de Conférences d'Italien

Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3

6, cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon

Adresse personnelle:

15, rue du val d'osne

94410 Saint-Maurice

tél./fax 0143969033

suslongo@cegetel.net

Le mythe de la folie de Lucrece a la Renaissance : maladie ou manie ?

Les notices biographiques de Lucrèce livrées par l'Antiquité (Saint-Jérôme, Cicéron, Lactance et Donatus) étant très concises, à la Renaissance se multiplient les Vitae Lucretii, d'abord en milieu humaniste (Pomponio Leto, Gerolamo Borgia, Pietro Crinito), puis déferlent au XVI s. dans les encyclopédies et dans les recueils érudits.

Outre les inférences sur les raisons de sa mort (suicide, empoisonnement ?) et les conditions matérielles de l'édition du texte (le rôle de Cicéron dans la correction, le poème inachevé), le véritable enjeu dans la présentation de la vie de Lucrèce à la Renaissance est le rapport entre sa prétendue folie ou maladie psychique et la création artistique. Afin de creuser cet aspect de la personnalité du poète, les biographes renaissants s'appuient manifestement sur la théorie néoplatonicienne du furor poeticus et inscrivent la notice de la folie du poète, à l'apparence sulfureuse ou du moins croustillante (selon la tradition biographique antique), dans un contexte totalement nouveau, à savoir les nouvelles théories médicales sur les pathologies de l'âme et leurs conséquences sur l'art.

María Leticia López Serratos

Facultad de Filosofía y Letras

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

letylopez3@hotmail.com

La influencia de Rodolfo Agrícola en el Tractatus de locis dialecticis de Fray Alonso de la Veracruz

El De inventione dialectica de Rodolfo Agrícola (1443/4 – 1485/6) puso las bases de la nueva retórica y de la teoría de la argumentación renacentista en la Europa del siglo XVI. Autores como Juan Luis Vives y Erasmo de Róterdam son un claro ejemplo de la profunda huella que legó el tratado de Agrícola. Muy tempranamente, también en el siglo XVI, un pensador, español de nacimiento pero mexicano por trayectoria y vocación, Fray Alonso de la Veracruz, trajo a tierras novohispanas la influencia de Agrícola a través del Tractatus de locis dialecticis, en el que es evidente un seguimiento puntual de la doctrina de los tópicos planteada por Agrícola. Todavía no ha sido suficientemente analizada y evaluada la importancia que reviste este hecho para la historia del pensamiento novohispano, específicamente en el campo de la teoría de la argumentación, pero sobre todo en el de la conformación del humanismo mexicano. Así, la presente comunicación pretende: a) exponer en líneas muy generales la teoría de la argumentación en el De inventione dialectica de Rodolfo Agrícola, b) explicar en qué medida el De inventione dialectica de Rodolfo Agrícola está presente en el Tractatus de locis dialecticis de Fray Alonso de la Veracruz. c) Analizar y evaluar la influencia del De inventione dialectica sobre aspectos específicos de la argumentación y el humanismo alonsinos.

Walther Ludwig

Reventlowstr. 19

D-22605 Hamburg

Walther.Ludwig@uni-hamburg.de

Schweden in Freundschaftsalben Deutscher aus dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg

Das überwiegend lateinische Album amicorum der Frühen Neuzeit empfing in den letzten Jahren unter neuen methodischen Ansätzen erhöhte wissenschaftliche Aufmerksamkeit. Untersuchungsgegenstand sind drei bisher unbekannte Freundschaftsalben von evangelischen Studenten: (1.) das Album (98 Eintragungen 1643-1652) des stud. theol. Georgius Henricus Burchardi aus Kiel, der nach einem Studium am Paedagogium in Stettin und Besuchen der Universitäten Rostock und Greifswald in Helmstedt studierte, Leipzig und Wittenberg besuchte und schließlich eine Anstellung am Dom in Schleswig fand, (2.) das Album (192 Eintragungen 1637-1652) des stud. iur. Conradus Kiswetter aus Zerbst, der in Königsberg studierte, eine Reise nach Schweden unternahm, nach Dieppe fuhr, in Paris studierte und über Leiden und Amsterdam zurückreiste, und (3.) das Album (156 Eintragungen 1628-1635) des stud. med. Wolfgangus Kobius aus Hildburghausen, der nach einem Studium am Gymnasium in Coburg in Straßburg studierte, von dort Basel besuchte, über Tübingen nach Altdorf gelangte, in Wittenberg studierte, Leipzig besuchte und dann sachsen-weimarischer Militärarzt wurde. Frageziel ist, wie sich der Dreißigjährige Krieg und Schwedens Beteiligung an ihm in den Einträgen spiegelte und im Falle von Kiswetter, welche Orte er in Schweden aufsuchte, mit wem er in Kontakt kam und welche Aussagen die dortigen Eintragungen enthalten. Insgesamt soll das Referat an diesen Beispielen zeigen, wie das Studium von Freundschaftsalben des 17. Jahrhunderts zur Erhellung der damaligen deutsch-schwedischen Beziehungen beitragen kann.

Drs. Coen Maas

Department of Classical Studies

University of Leiden, Faculty of Arts

Doelensteeg 16

P.O. Box 9515

2300 RA Leiden

The Netherlands

C.Maas@let.leidenuniv.nl

Along Livian Lines: Historiographical Representations of Power

For early modern historians faced with the challenge to rewrite the history of their fatherland in humanist fashion, the work of Titus Livius provided an attractive literary example of a splendid and rich ('milky') style, narrative techniques for dramatic effects and, not least important, a political framework. Small wonder, then, that Livy furnished the dominant model for the Latin historiography of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. However, the transfer of Livy's formatting of Roman history to contemporary reality not only offered opportunities for celebration ('a new Rome'), but also posed problems of conceptualization. My paper will investigate and compare two cases in which Livy's representation of power was adopted and adapted to suit the needs of two completely different political entities with their respective forms of government: Marcus Antonius Sabellicus' history of the independent Republic of Venice (Rerum Venetarum ab urbe condita decades IV, 1487) and Reinier Snoy's history of the County of Holland as part of the Holy Roman Empire (Historia Hollandiae, ca. 1519).

Veronika Marschall

Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität

Fachbereich Neuere Philologien

Institut für Deutsche Sprache und Literatur II

DFG - Projekt "Opitius Latinus"

Dr. Veronika Marschall

Grüneburgplatz 1

Hauspostfach 140

D-60629 Frankfurt / M.

marschall@lingua.uni-frankfurt.de

Martin Opitz (1597-1639) als lateinischer Autor – Vorstellung eines Editionsprojektes und Fallstudie zu Opitzens geistlichen Schriften

Am Anfang des Vortrags steht eine allgemeine Präsentation des Projektes einer Edition, Übersetzung und Kommentierung der lateinischen Schriften von Martin Opitz. Das von der Deutschen Forschungs-gemeinschaft (DFG) geförderte Unternehmen ist an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt/Main angesiedelt. Der erste von drei Bänden befindet sich bereits in Druck. - Zwar wird Opitz in erster Linie als "Vater der deutschen Dichtung" betrachtet, doch nehmen die lateinischen Werke einen großen Raum in seinem Schaffen ein. Sie sind jedoch bis jetzt von der Forschung kaum gewürdigt worden. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für die von ihm verfaßten geistlichen Schriften, die exemplarisch vorgestellt werden sollen, so zum Beispiel eine geistliche Rede (Sermo de Passione Domini) oder Nachdichtungen von biblischen Texten (z. B. Psalmen). Opitz erweist sich hier als Vertreter des Späthumanismus, als poeta doctus, als Polyhistor, als fundierter Kenner nicht nur der antiken Literatur, sondern auch theologischer Diskurse. Gleichzeitig wird in diesen Texten auch Opitzens Auseinandersetzung mit zeitgenössischen Ereignissen und konfessionellen Streitigkeiten deutlich.

David Marsh

Rutgers University

dmarsh@rci.rutgers.edu

Francesco Filelfo's Dialogues on Exile

The most remarkable meditation on exile in the Quattrocento are the three books of Latin dialogue titled Commentationes florentinae de exilio by Francesco Filelfo. Filelfo had arrived in Florence in 1427, and had allied himself with the "optimates," families like the Albizi and Strozzi. After the brief exile of Cosimo de' Medici in 1433, the banking magnate returned and repaid his enemies by sending them into exile. Seeking his own form of literary revenge, Filelfo composed a literary dialogue which he dedicated to the Milanese count Vitaliano Borromeo (1391-1449). Initially, he planned a series of ten dialogues on the theme of exile, but in the event he only completed three books.

The work employs a wide range of sources and arguments borrowed from the Greek and Latin tradition of consolatory literature, Articles by Errera (1890), Ferraù (1986); Vasoli (1990), and Blanchard (2007) provide a point of departure in analyzing this complex work.

Ida Gilda Mastrorosa

Dipartimento di scienze dell'Antichità "G. Pasquali"

Università di Firenze

Piazza Brunelleschi 4

50121 Firenze

Italia

idagilda.mastrorosa@unifi.it

Cassiodoro, Biondo Flavio e la "memoria" dell'Italia teodericiana

Significativi riscontri presenti nelle Historiarum ab inclinato Romano imperio decades III nonché in alcuni passi dell'Italia illustrata lasciano emergere l'interesse di Biondo Flavio per le Variae di Cassiodoro e la sua valorizzazione sul duplice piano topografico e storico-istituzionale delle testimonianze da esse ricavabili per l'età teodericiana. In particolare, accanto a indicazioni di carattere geografico-ambientale utili a mostrare il debito contratto con la fonte tardo-antica oltre che con l'opera pliniana, si segnalano notazioni indicative della tendenza dell'umanista a riabilitare in chiave storico-politica la dominazione degli Amali e della sua capacità di recepire tratti peculiari del governo teodericiano evidenziati dalla raccolta epistolare cassiodorea, fra i quali il rilevo attribuito al vivere urbano inteso quale espressione di civilitas, alla tutela degli edifici pubblici monumentali, o a ulteriori aspetti concernenti l'assetto cittadino. Nel complesso, l'analisi di diversi luoghi dell'opera di Biondo Flavio dimostra come lungi dal servirsi delle Variae ad esclusivo fine antiquario, sulle orme di Cassiodoro egli abbia saputo cogliere l'intento del sovrano ostrogoto di salvaguardare la sopravvivenza di istituzioni e valori dell'antica Roma e condividendone lo spirito, in prospettiva umanistica, sia riuscito a trasmettere una memoria positiva dell'Italia teodericiana.

Ágnes Máté

Hungary 6724 Szeged, Kisteleki Ede. u. 13. II/4.

Szeged

gallyi@freemail.hu

Enea Silvio Piccolomini e due volgarizzatori dell' Historia de duobus amantibus

La storia di due amanti, cioè la novella latina intitolata Historia de duobus amantibus di Enea Silvio Piccolomini subito dopo la sua prima pubblicazione acquistó una grande popolarità in tutta l'Europa. Velocemente sono nate anche le sue traduzioni in diverse lingue nazionali come in tedesco, in italiano, in francese, in inglese, in polacco e negli anni '70 del Cinquecento anche in ungherese. In questo mio discorso vorrei parlare dei metodi di traduzione di due traduttori, quelli del traduttore ungherese, cioè dell'Anonimo di Patak - il quale é poco noto per gli stranieri -, e di quelli di uno degli traduttori italiani che si chiama Alessandro Braccesi o Bracci. Il mio punto di partenza sará l'analisi delle omissioni e degli inserimenti dei traduttori, da una parte con lo scopo di stabilire in quanto siano questi testi in lingue nazionali pure traduzioni. Dall'altra parte vorrei esaminare se le modifiche dei volgarizzatori potessero influenzare la popolaritá del testo originale di Enea Silvio Piccolomini.

Dr Gráinne McLaughlin

Academy for Irish Cultural Heritages

Aberfoyle House, University of Ulster

Magee Campus, Derry City

County Derry

N. Ireland BT48 7JL

g.mclaughlin1@ulster.ac.uk

Greco-Roman imagery in Latin works from the seventeenth century by Irish exiles

For many Irish people in the seventeenth century, a classical education was purchased only at a very high price in personal and financial terms. Irish Catholic schools were banned and Irish Catholics forbidden to attend school or travel abroad to be educated; and many of the priests who would otherwise have been teachers were hung or beheaded or deported to the English colonies. It is therefore all the more remarkable that two of the most important indigenous sources for the Counter Reformation have survived. These are the Commentarius Rinuccinianus and the Historia; and they have both survived because they were written and kept on the Continent. In total they run to over four thousand pages of trenchant, empassioned, vibrant Neo Latin. They are profoundly political, polemical prose works. A key weapon wielded to great effect by their authors is evidence of their classical education, obtained in France and Italy. The authors are keen to document the learning of their peers, especially the Latin poets and orators of their day. The paper will include examples of Latin verse included in these two untranslated works and emphasize the complexity and sophistication of the use by the authors of classical images and diction.

Dustin Mengelkoch

821 Carpenter Town Lane

Cary, NC 27519

USA

mengelko@email.unc.edu

A History of the Swedes: Grotius, Procopius, Isidore and Paul the Deacon

Much has been made of Hugo Grotius's Tacitean historical perspective, viz. the Annales et Historiae; yet during the last ten years of his life (1635-1645) as first ambassador of Sweden at the court of Louis XIII, Grotius commenced upon a voluminous Latin treatise and commentary entitled Historia Gotthorum, Vandalorum et Langobardorum. The work is exceedingly interesting as a lego-political treatise, both uniting and concluding his long study of Procopius, Isidore, Paul the Deacon and the Digesta of Justinian; while also serving as the mature terminus to his concept of historiography. Indeed, by making his central aim one of legitimating and explicating the Swedish position of influence and importance in the political arena of seventeenth-century Europe, not least at Paris, it is worth considering how Grotius intended the Historia to be read in light of his own moralizing patriotism and republicanism in the Annales; and more specifically (and perhaps more importantly) its significance for the monarchal Sweden following the route at Nördlingen in 1634 and the treaty of Prague in 1635. In this paper, then, I shall explore the Historia in relation to these aforesaid questions in an effort to begin a longer study of Grotius's final historical treatise.

Barbara Milewska-Waźbińska

Joliot-Curie 3/11

02-646 Warszawa

Poland

wazbinska@uw.edu.pl

The ancient tradition in the Neo-Latin heraldic work from XVII century

Simon Okolski (1580 - 1653), a member of Dominican Order (frater Simon de Camencia) was known as the author of Orbis Polonus, a monumental Latin heraldic work, which was issued in 1641-1643 in Cracow (Poland). The book begins with a praise of the Polish king Władysław IV Vasa. In his armorial of Polish nobility Okolski gave a lot of information about noble families and describes heraldic legends. In the second part he gives rhetoric arguments for developing armorial motto. They have a form of short orations. The work of Simon Okolski presents the spirit of Sarmatian culture characteristic for the former Polish Noblemen's Republic. Sarmatism was based on tradition, patriotism, and glorification of past virtues. The purpose of this paper is to examine influence of ancient literature for Orbis Polonus and to investigate ways in which Okolski makes use of classical tradition. I pay special attention to the historical and literary context of his work.

José C. Miralles Maldonado

Universidad de Murcia

Facultad de Letras

C/ Santo Cristo 1

E-30071 MURCIA (Spain)

miralles@um.es

Funeral Eulogies for the Popes in Post-Tridentine Rome

Within the general project of "Latin Eloquence in Post-Tridentine Rome" this study deals with Latin funeral orations devoted to the popes and delivered at Rome in the second half of sixteenth century.

In this work I will analyze some funeral orations held in memory of the popes during the first years of Counter-reformation. Through the analysis of these orations, as an example of 'occasional eloquence', I will focus not only on their rhetorical structure but also on the historical questions raised in these laudationes. I will study the funeral orations in memory of Pius IV, Pius V, Gregorius XIII, Sixtus V and Urbanus VII. These speeches were written by outstanding humanists like Silvio Antoniano, Marcantonius Muretus, Stefano Tucci, Lelio Pellegrini or Pompeo Ugonio, respectively. Although funeral oratory has been usually disdained by historians and philologists as pure hagiography, I think that these panegyrics constitute sometimes remarkable historical and literary documents, which help us to deepen our knowledge of the society where they were produced.

Laura Mitarotondo

Via Martiri Della Resistenza, 11

70019, Triggiano (Bari)

Italy

lauramita@tiscali.it

La tradizione dell'institutio e il ruolo dell'auctoritas in due epistole del Petrarca

Nonostante le resistenze di parte della critica nel riconoscere al Petrarca la statura di un autore iscritto compiutamente nella tradizione politico-civile italiana, non può essere trascurato il suo ruolo nella definizione di una nuova funzione dell'intellettuale di età moderna, votato al culto delle humanae litterae. Nel risarcimento della cultura civile proveniente dal passato, e in particolar modo dalla lezione di Cicerone, la tradizione umanistica reinventa secondo forme e generi assunti dalla latinità il senso di una rinnovata concezione dell'uomo artefice e protagonista nella vita della civitas.

Le epistole Senile XIV, 1 dedicata a Francesco da Carrara di Padova, e Familiare XII, 2, rivolta a Niccolò Acciaiuoli costituiscono solo un esempio, fra i molti disseminati nell'opera petrarchesca, di un legame con la tradizione del genere della paideia, intessuto di continui rinvii alle auctoritates, dai tragici (Euripide, Ennio), agli storici (Livio, Cesare), a Virgilio e al Cicerone degli epistolari, vero archetipo della rinascita della tradizione politico-civile latina. Obiettivo di questo lavoro è di rinvenire nel tessuto delle due epistole alcuni temi salienti che hanno permesso già dalla fine del XIX secolo (Ferrari, Gentile, De Mattei) di leggere Petrarca secondo una peculiare intonazione politica.

Andrea Molnar

H-1132 Budapest, Kadar u. 10.

amolnar@office.mta.hu, molnar.andrea8@gmail.com

Wissenstransfer in der Gelehrsamkeitsgeschichte des Jesuitenordens in Ungarn im 18. Jahrhundert

Die Historia litteraria, derer Programm noch von Bacon erarbeitet und in 1605 herausgegeben wurde, nahm eine bedeutende Rolle in der Gelehrsamkeit Ungarns. Im 18. Jh. entstand eine Vielzahl von Gelehrsamkeitsgeschichten, die alles berücksichtigten, was die Wissenschaft betraf. Wichtiges Ziel der Historia litteraria war einerseits den Existenz und Leistung der ungarischen Wissenschaft und Litteratur zu beweisen, andererseits die Anregung weiteren wissenschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Fortschritts.

Paralell mit der umfassenden ungarischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte, fingen die Jesuiten bereits am Ende des 17. Jh.s an, über die Schriftsteller des Jesuitenordens, die ungarische Ursprung hatten oder in Ungarn tätig waren, Angaben zu sammeln. Die Arbeiten der verschiedenen Autoren blieben unvollständig in Manusscript. Die ausführlichste Version wurde vom Historiograph Stephanus Katona verfertigt. Stoeger und – durch ihn – Sommervogel haben in 19. Jh. in ihren Lexika seine neulich wiedergefundenen Handschiften verwendet, so geriet diese große Liestung nicht ganz in Vergessenheit.

Das Ziel des Vortrages ist, die Arbeitsmethode der Jesuiten in Ungarn auf dem Gebiet der Litterärgeschichte vorzustellen, das Verhältnis der Historia litteraria zur früh neuzeitlichen Geschichtsauffassung am Beispiel Katonas zu zeigen, und durch diese zur Geschichte der katholischen Historia litteraria beizutragen.

David Money

41 Linden Close

CAMBRIDGE

CB4 3JU

United Kingdom

dkm14@cam.ac.uk

De criticis atque poetis Musae Neo-Latinae in nostro aevo

Quis legit carmina Latina nuperrime scripta? In patria mea septentrionali, paene nemo. Cur igitur scribamus? Rationes varias ad Musam diu neglectam hodie iterum blandiendam breviter percurram. Vis etiam versificationis in scholis saeculorum praeteritorum erat immensa: eandem tamen vim revocare nostro saeculo sit difficile, et fortasse vix optabile. Sed studentes scribere possunt, voluptatemque scribendo saepe carpunt. Cum iam sint quasi rarae aves inter nos poetae Latini, nihilominus apparent, vivunt, scribunt: sine dubio erunt in hoc conventu nonnulli qui versus vere laudandos scripserunt. Rarius tamen eorum versus novos student critici nostri. Quam ob rem? Nonne mortui melius olent, viventesque non criticis placent? In aliis linguis recentioribus non invenimus tale novitatis odium; ergo studia Latinitatis novae, mea quidem opinione, fortasse meliora sint si saepius critici audaciores ad Musam viventem investigandam, fovendam, corrigendam se vertant. Periculum forte timeant poetae, si errores pateant (omnesque vero erramus); multo tamen melius errorem videre, sine nimia culpandi voluptate, quam recentiorem artem penitus ignorare. Ita de criticorum munere, cum paucis exemplis, breviter disserere velim (nec, ut et poeta et criticus, sine temeritatis periculo).

Ruth Monreal

Universitaet Tübingen

Philologisches Seminar

Wilhelmstr. 36

D-72074 Tübingen

ruth.monreal@uni-tuebingen.de

Florum picta poesis. Description of Flowers in Neo-Latin Poetry

In the books 3 and 4 of Abraham Cowley's Plantarum libri VI (1668) – a botanical poem in which the plants are personified – several flowers present themselves speaking in various lyric metres. In my paper I want to discuss this unique technique of representation together with the more conventional descriptions of flowers made in other likewise botanical or horticultural Neo-Latin poems such as De cultura hortorum libri III by Giuseppe Milio (1574), Hortorum libri IV by René Rapin (1665) and Botanicorum libri IV by Francesco Eulalio Savvastano (1712). As it is impossible for a Neo-Latin poet to mention names such as »Narcissus« or »Hyacinthus« without evoking famous classical tales, the respective passages can illustrate the poets' manoevreing of reception and innovation: On the one hand they have to show that they are aware of the literary implications and on on the other hand they have to find their own ways not to retell the old stories all over again.

Monique Mund Dopchie

Département d'études grecques, latines et orientales

Faculté de philosophie et lettres

Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)

Monique.Mund-Dopchie@uclouvain.be

L'orbis arcticus dans les traités cosmographiques de la Renaissance : progrès et résistances d'une représentation

Les cartes consacrées aux régions septentrionales de la terre par Ortelius (1570 et sqq.) et par Mercator (1595) synthétisent en quelque sorte tout ce que les géographes antérieurs et contemporains ont intégré dans la représentation de l'orbis arcticus. Elles englobent les terres situées entre le pôle et le 60e parallèle, lequel correspond ainsi grosso modo à la limite septentrionale du monde connu selon Ptolémée. On y observe que nos deux cartographes ne reconnaissent pas les lacunes de leur savoir face à un Arctique central (à partir de 75° de lat. N.) demeurant largement inexploré jusqu'à la fin du XIXe siècle, alors même qu'ils le font sans hésiter à propos de l'Extrême-Nord du continent américain en qualifiant celui-ci de regiones adhuc incognitae. Au contraire, pour remplir le vide de l'ignorance, ils introduisent, à côté de renseignements fiables, fournis notamment par des récits de voyageurs patentés (Willoughby, Barents, Frobisher, Davis) et par des lettrés scandinaves (en particulier les frères Magnus et Arngrimur Jonsson), des informations véhiculées par un récit ancien d'authenticité douteuse (l'expédition des frères Zeno à la fin du XIVe siècle), des dédoublements de lieux, fondés sur des rumeurs non vérifiées (les îles Groenland et Grocland), des éléments mythiques (par exemple, les Pygmées boréaux et les peuples de Gog et Magog), des stéréotypes véhiculés depuis l'Antiquité sur le grand Nord et des spéculations scientifiques, telles que l'existence d'une île aimantée. Aussi apparaît-il intéressant d'analyser l'en deçà et l'au-delà de ces premiers aboutissements incarnés par Ortelius et par Mercator en retraçant l'histoire de la représentation de l'orbis arcticus à partir d'un corpus de cartes et de textes extraits de traités cosmographiques publiés en France, en Italie, dans les Pays-Bas et en Allemagne tout au long du XVIe siècle. C'est ce que la présente communication se propose de faire.

Clare M. Murphy

Université Catholique de l'Ouest

cmurphy_5@hotmail.com

Thomas More to Maarten van Dorp: Tradition and Humanism

More wrote four important Latin letters defending Erasmus: to the Louvain theologian Dorp (1515); supporting the study of Greek against the Oxford University "Trojans" (1518); to the Carthusian prior John Batmanson (1519); to the English cleric Edward Lee (1519). These are collected into Volume 15 of the Yale edition of More's Complete Works under the title In Defense of Humanism, edited by Daniel Kinney, 1986. In the very long letter to Dorp More illustrates the humanist values that show respect for the classics, the of guarding tradition by going back to original sources, and the importance of language skill in putting these concepts into words. In persuading Dorp of how he once appreciated Latin literature, More reminds him that seven years earlier he had published a prologue to Miles Gloriosus mocking "uncultured theologians". In defending Erasmus for his Greek and Latin edition of the Novum Instrumentum , More the lawyer summons Jerome himself, who sides with Erasmus. In justifying Erasmus' use of philological skills for theology, More argues that "grammarian" means "man of letters" and that the latter is skilled in all fields of study not just one.

Clemens Maria Müller

Spisergasse 34

CH-9000 St. Gallen

clemens.mueller@bluewin.ch

Humanismus vs. Scholastik: Joachim Vadians Promotion zum doctor medicinae an der Universität Wien

Nach einer erfolgreichen Laufbahn als Humanist und Artes-Professor kehrte Joachim Vadian 1518 in seine Heimatstadt St. Gallen zurück, wo er als Politiker und Reformator wirken sollte. Kurz vor seinem Abschied erlangte er im selben Jahr, 1517, zunächst den Grad des Baccalaureus, dann den Titel eines Doctor medicinae. Von seinen Thesen für die Doktoratsprüfung bewahrt die Vadianische Sammlung in St. Gallen zwei Versionen auf. Eine erste gedruckte Thesenschrift mit dem Titel "Q[uaestio], utrum tria prima virtutum genera ab Avicenna descripta, ratione diversa, realiter et essentialiter cum animae substantia conveniant?" trägt den offensichtlich erbosten Vermerk Vadians: "Vadianus defensurus erat haec axiomata, sed non nullis doctoribus et scholaribus, invidia corruptis, eam nimis philosophicam calumniantibus, thema de phlebotomia proposuit." Auf der Basis der zweiten, an der zeitgenössischen medizinischen Praxis orientierten Thesenschrift bestand Vadian die Prüfung offenbar ohne weitere Widerstände.

Der Beitrag analysiert den Inhalt der beiden Thesenschriften und versucht die Hintergründe dieses für den arrivierten Humanisten und ehemaligen Rektors der Universität zumindest lästigen Vorfalls verständlich zu machen.

Ilona M. Nagy

H-4032 Debrecen

Egyetem tér 1. (Debreceni Egyetem, Klasszika-filológiai Tanszék).

mnagyi@tigris.unideb.hu

Neolateinisches Nachleben einer mittelalterlichen muttersprachlichen Legende

Die erste moderne Lebensbeschreibung der Heiligen Margit aus der Arpadendynastie (1242-70) wurde vom dominikaner Geschichtsschreiber Sigismundus Ferrari verfasst als Teil seines Werkes "De rebus Ungaricae Provinciae Sac. Ordinis Praedicatorum" (Wien, 1637). Eine ihrer Hauptquellen stellte die mittelalterliche muttersprachliche (ungarische) Legende dar, die - weil dieser lateinische Quellen damals unbekannt waren - für den Verfasser ins Lateinische übersetzt wurde. Das alte ungarische Manuscript wurde vom Verfasser hoch geschätzt, weil es von dem Kultort stammte.

Der Vortrag würde sich mit der Frage beschäftigen, wie die alte Legende für Zwecke Ferraris verwendet werden konnte. Welche Abschnitte hat er davon übernommen oder welche kritisiert er? Ob er sie mehr in der Lebensbeschreibung oder in der Erzählung der Mirakel zitierte? Wie hat sich die sprachliche Form im Vergleich zu den lateinischen Quellen der muttersprachlichen Legende verändert? Wie kann von literarischen Texten durch mehrfache Übersetzungen anspruchsvolle Sachprosa werden?

Henk Nellen

Huygens Institute

PO B 90 754

2509 LT The Hague

The Netherlands

henk.nellen@huygensinstituut.knaw.nl

Hugo Grotius and the right to wage war

In 1642 the famous Dutch statesman and jurist, theorist of natural and international law, Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) published the seventh edition of his famous work De iure belli ac pacis (editio princeps 1625). At the end of the book, a note by the printer, Johannes Blaeu, introduces a short exegetical treatise: Grotius' commentary on the Apostle Paul's letter to Philemon. The reason behind this unexpected addendum is not immediately clear, but it is Grotius' correspondence that offers an important clue. In 1641, a Mennonite from Haarlem, Nicolas de Bye, addressed a long letter to Grotius in which he attacked the author's indulgence towards Christian magistrates who sentenced citizens to death or took up the sword to wage war. As far as we know, Grotius did not react to this private letter, but he published a commentary on Philemon's letter to make clear that the New Testament allowed his opinion. In his exegesis, Grotius calls upon the letter to Philemon because Paul does not dispute Philemon his right to punish a slave for running away.

In his paper, Henk Nellen explains that Grotius justified punishment and war as the basis for the juridical system that he had developed in great detail in his De iure belli ac pacis. Grotius did not refute Nicolas de Bye overtly, however, since he was afraid to add another controversy to the many polemics that from the very beginning had disturbed his eventful career.

Karl August Neuhausen

Universität Bonn

Inst. für Griechische und Lateinische Philologie

Am hof 1e, D-53113 Bonn

k.a.neuhausen@uni-bonn.de

Schiller excellens ille Germanorum poeta Latinitate donatus

Fridericus Schiller (1759-1805) ante hosce ducentos quinquaginta natus annos septennioque maior Goetheus quin praeter ceteros insignes poetas Germanorum floruerint aetate classica litteraturae, vix quisquam profecto ne exterorum quidem dubitat. Verumenim vero plerosque vel doctissimos homines, qui quidem Teutonici illius utriusque herois operibus operam dare soleant, effugisse videtur binos eosdem extra omnem ingenii positos aleam Theodiscos ipsos quoque etiam Latino velut amictu per undevicesimum omne fere saeculum prodisse vestitos. Etenim permulti tunc humanitatis studiis penitus imbuti, cum sibi persuasissent Latinitatem reliquis omnino cunctis praestare sermonibus, nihil antiquius habuerunt quam ut ea potissimum carmina, quae vel maxime egregii poetae condidissent ore vernaculo, Latinam in linguam translata cultiora certe politioraque redderent. Omnibus autem, qui conati sunt efficere, ut totus ipse Schiller vates tamquam Horatius alter evaderet, antecellere visus est auctor idem, qui viginti sex annis, postquam ille decessit, superstite Goetheo Stuttgardiae duo volumina curavit edenda, quibus est titulus Schilleri lyrica omnia latinis modis aptare tentavit Gustav Feuerlein. Itaque mihi propositum est eodem anno sollemni, quo quinquies quinquagesimus eximi poetae natalis dies delebratur, Latina quaedam exemplaria Schilleri, qualia Feuerlein ille naviter exhibuit, denuo recensere cum aliorum huiusmodi Latinis versionibus conferenda.

Florentina Nicolae

Ovidius University Constanta

Aleea Universitatii Nr. 1, Faculty of Letters, Constanta

Cod 900472, Romania

nicolae_flori@yahoo.com

The influence of the Romanian language in Vita Constantini Cantemyrii, cognomento senis, Moldaviae principis

Vita Constantini Cantemyrii, cognomento Senis, Moldaviae Principis is a monograph written in Latin, between 1716-1718, by Dimitrie Cantemir, a Romanian humanist and the most important Neo-Latin writer of the Romanian culture. The monograph is dedicated to the author's father, Constantin Cantemir, ruler of Moldavia from 1685 to1693. This work is based exclusively on the personal memories of the author, who, at the time of writing his work, was a refugee in Russia and a chancellor of the tsar Peter the Great. Without bibliographical support (apart from his historical works) and an obvious purpose, this monograph, which was not published during Dimitrie Cantemir's life, was written in an unique style: the influence of the Romanian language is evident at all the levels of the language, i.e. phonetic, morphological, syntactical, lexical. Throughout the monograph, the author thinks in Romanian, as he does sometimes in the paragraphs involving personal ideas and feelings, in his scientific writings. Remembering the events spent during his childhood and early youth, picturing his father as a heroic figure, Dimitrie Cantemir is permanently subjectively involved; therefore, under the influence of the native language, he combines the elegance of the literary Latin with the vivacity of the Romanian.

Drs. Jaap Nieuwstraten

Erasmus University Rotterdam

Faculty of History and Arts

L-Building

Burgemeester Oudlaan 50

Postbus 1738

3000 DR Rotterdam

The Netherlands

nieuwstraten@fhk.eur.nl

Tacitus in the Dutch Republic at the end of the first half of seventeenth century. The case of Marcus Zuerius Boxhorn (1612-1653)

Tacitus was perhaps the most discussed ancient historian in the Low Countries in the first half of the seventeenth century. His works were many times published and re-edited and their content was the subject of many scholarly tract, while Tacitus' style was imitated by such great men as Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) and Pieter Cornelisz. Hooft (1581-1647). An important figure in this 'Dutch Tacitist tradition' was Marcus Zuerius Boxhorn (1612-1653), professor of history and politics at the University of Leiden. His editions of, and commentaries on Tacitus enjoyed a great popularity in the second half of the seventeenth century and found their way into the libraries of Baruch de Spinoza (1632-1677) and Amelot de La Houssaye (1634-1706), who used them to express their own ideas. In Boxhorn's own works we see an attempt to accommondate mainstream Aristotelian political thought with the more sceptical view on man and his egocentric motives expressed in the works of Tacitus. By looking at the influence that Tacitus had both on the style and the content of Boxhorn's works, this paper will shed some new lights on the stand of Dutch political thought at the threshold of the 'True Freedom' period.

Daniel J. Nodes

Ave Maria university

Dept. of classics and early christian literature

5050 Ave Maria blvd.

Ave Maria, Florida, USA 34142

daniel.nodes@avemaria.edu

Reception and Innovation in Giles of Viterbo's Commentary on the Filioque Controversy

Giles of Viterbo's early sixteenth-century Commentary on Peter Lombard's Libri sententiarum includes a discussion of the controversial doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son (Filioque). True to Giles's intention to produce a work in the Sentences-commentary genre, but one "according to the mind of Plato (ad mentem Platonis)," his treatment of the Filioque illuminates and enriches arguments received from the Latin Scholastic tradition with elements of the theologia Platonica, poetica, and pristina drawn from Plato, Homer, Virgil, and other classical authors. Nowhere is Giles's project more clearly evidenced than in his treatment of this question of the Filioque by a Western theologian who is most conciliatory to the "sententia Graecorum." Further, in the spirit of his age, instead of relying on the terminology received from the Scholastic tradition, Giles engages a Latin vocabulary influenced by humanism, substituting, for example, a description of the Spirit as manans instead of procedens, and speaking of the prelates of the Councils as senatus. Giles also writes with greater awareness of sentence form and rhetorical effect than his Scholastic predecessors. Thus he brings the Sentences-commentary to a distinct phase of literary as well as theological development.

Drs. Hans Nollet

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Faculty of Arts

Latin Literature

Seminarium Philologiae Humanisticae/Neo-Latin Studies

Blijde Inkomststraat 21

P.O. Box 3316

B - 3000 Leuven

Belgium

hans.nollet@arts.kuleuven.be

Vates or non vates... that's the question. Genesis, Versification and Assessment of Lipsius' Poetry

Lipsius' qualities as a poet have been contested time and again: in a poem from his own hand, Lipsius calls himself non vates. When referring to his poetic creations, he talks about nugae. Since only partial research has been performed in this field and because we are preparing a complete edition and translation of Lipsius' poemata, we intend to spread a first new light on Lipsius' versification.

First a profound analysis will be presented of ca. 10 poems dating from various periods of his poetic production (e.g. elegies to his friends Lernutius, Douza, liminaria, epigrammata honouring his beloved dogs, the cities of Antwerp and Rome, his Dedicatio pennae).

Our philological approach will use statistical analysis and modern standards and theories (e.g. Functional Grammar), in order to compare Lipsius' style with the metric and prosodic canon of humanism, as established in schoolbooks, theoretical treatises (e.g. Vida's De Arte Poetica, J.C. Scaliger's Poetices). In addition, we will enter into the chronological interdependencies between various models (e.g. the influence of psalms, liturgical verses in the Dedicatio pennae) used by Lipsius.

Professor Howard B. Norland

Flat 6A, Grove End House

Grove End Road

London NW8 9HL

United Kingdom

Roman Comedy Adapted to Caroline England

Performed at Queen's College, Cambridge, in 1630/31 and published by Cambridge University Press in 1633, Peter Hausted's Senile Odium adapts conventional aspects of Roman comedy to the dramatic fashions of Caroline England. Expanding the play to nearly three times the length of the comedies of Plautus and Terence, Hausted, a Fellow at Queen's, extends the cast to nearly twenty characters and complicates the traditional conflict of sons pursuing their pleasures in opposition to their fathers' designs. For example, Hausted heightens the conflict between the fathers by blaming an old feud for their hatred of each other, and he reworks the Plautian recovery of lost children to resolve a second conflict by revealing a sibling relationship that would make a romance incestual.

In modernizing ancient features Hausted introduces comic caricatures of a bookseller and his shrewish wife to satirize women and marriage, and he adds euphuistic speech and alchemy as incidental objects of satire. He multiplies the number of deceptions and misperceptions to forward the plot and to create comic diversions, and he draws the complex lines of action together in a very long final resolution reminiscent of Jonsonian comedy. His success in integrating ancient comic form with contemporary elements may not be complete, but it is quite impressive.

Univ. Doz. Dr. iur. Dr. phil. Tamás Nótári

(Károli Gáspár Universität, Budapest)

Adresse: H-1011 Budapest

Halász u. 2., Ungarn

tamasnotari@yahoo.de

Bemerkungen zum Rechtssprichwort 'summum ius summa iniuria' in den Adagien des Erasmus von Rotterdam

In seinen Adagien widmete Erasmus stets eine gewisse Aufmerksamkeit den Proverbien der Rechtswissenschaft, bzw. der Rechtspraxis. Eines der Proverbien dieser Art war das Rechtssprichwort 'summum ius summa iniuria', das schon in die Ausgabe aus dem Jahre 1500 Aufnahme fand, und dessen Kommentar Erasmus in den kommenden Jahtzehnten bedeutend erweiterte. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird folgenden Fragen nachgegangen: welche Varianten und Paralellstellen des von Terenz (Heaut. 792f. summum ius summa malitia), Cicero (off. 1, 33 summum ius summa iniuria), Columella (rust. 1, 7, 1) und Hieronymus (epist. 1, 44 summum ius summa crux) in jeweils etwas abgeänderter Form zitierten Proverbs wurden von Erasmus in seine Adagien aufgenommen (I.); wie die rechtsphilosophische Bedeutung des Proverbs von Erasmus in den Adagien und in seinen u.a. an die Rechtsgelehrten dieser Zeit gerichteten Briefen interpretiert, bzw. gewertet wurde (II.); und wie die Idee des 'summum ius summa iniuria/malitia/crux' und des damit im Einklang stehenden 'ius est ars boni et aequi' sich auf das Rechtsdenken und Rechtsauffassung des Erasmus und der zeitgenössischen Jurisprudenz auswikte (III.).

Isabella Nuovo

Dipartimento di italianistica facolta'di lettere e filosofia

universita' degli studi di Bari

Palazzo ateneo

piazza Umberto I

70121 bari

defnuovo@libero.it

Fortuna, solitudine e locus amoenus nella riflessione di Leon Battista Alberti

Il recupero del mondo classico in età umanistica ne rilancia alcuni topoi fondamentali. La produzione petrarchesca diventa snodo ineludibile del loro riuso fra tradizione e innovazione. Leon Battista Alberti si fa problematico crede di questa transizione, attualizzando con sensibilità tutta moderna la ricezione della riflessione antica. Epicureismo e stoicismo innervano la nmeditazione albertiana, che approda tuttavia ad una apparente contraddittoria interpretazione scettica dell'azione umana. E' in questo ambito che si intende sviluppare l'analisi dei temi della 'fortuna'. della 'solitudo' e del 'locus amoenus', cosi cari a Petrarca e alla lunga stagione umanistica, nella scrittura dell' Alberti, con l'intento di rintracciarne gli archetipici modelli, ma di individuarne anche gli inediti esiti offerti, in particolare, dalle Intercenali e dal Theogenius. Si intende, in tal modo, tentare di contribuire alla ridefinizione di quell'asse tematico del lavoro intellettuale, colto nella dilemmatica antinomia di 'otium' e 'negotium', che constituisce la cifra stessa del letterato umanistica, teso a conciliare la pratica dell'impegno civile con quella della speculazione etica.

Krister Östlund

Uppsala University Library

Uppsala

krister.ostlund@ub.uu.se

Standing free in relation to your source of inspiration. Johan Ihre's Glossarium Suigothicum and Johann Georg Wachter's Glossarium Germanicum

In 1737 the German philologist Johann Georg Wachter (1663-1757) published an etymological dictionary of the German language, Glossarium Germanicum. This book had a great influence on the most prominent Swedish philologist of the 18th century, Johann Ihre (1707-1780), professor at Uppsala University. In 1769 Ihre published, along the same lines as Wachter's work, a magnificent Swedish etymological dictionary, Glossarium Suiogothicum, one of the first dictionaries of this kind in Sweden that was based on a scientific method and not on pure speculation. In this paper I will try to trace Wachter's influence on Ihre by comparing the two works. It seems likely that Ihre bluntly from Wachter had borrowed the format and the composition, whereas it can be stated with certainty that Glossarium Suiogothicum is a completely independent work as regards its content. In the discussion on the history and relationships of languages in the preface Ihre's theories in many cases are contradictory to those of Wachter and, actually, more accurate. In the first draft, still preserved at Uppsala University Library, of the etymological explanations of the single words, references to Wachter are common, many of which later were replaced by Ihre's own research.

Marianne Pade

University of Aarhus

Institute for Language, Literature and Culture

J. Chr. Skousvej 5

DK-8000 Aarhus C

Denmark

pade@hum.ku.dk

Intertextuality as a stylistic device in Niccolò Perotti's dedicatory letters

The majority of Niccolò Perotti's Latin translations and philological works were preceded by letters of dedication. While retaining the traditional topoi of the genre, the dedicatory letter came to fulfill a multitude of functions for the Quattrocento humanists. They were used for self-representation, to discuss matters of method, as essays on a variety of subjects, and for more or less subtle flattery of the recipient. All of this is found in the dedicatory letters of Perotti, who often uses intertextuality, on the level of vocabulary as well as on the level of form, to express meaning. In my paper I want to examine Perotti's use of intertextuality in order to develop a method to characterise this stylistic device, which can often be observed in neo-Latin literature. My investigation will be based on a well-tagged corpus of neo-Latin, classical Latin and vernacular texts, and where possible my results will be compared with corresponding features in the vernacular texts.

Klára Pajorin

H-1113 Budapest

Villányi út 20/A

Hungary

pajorin@iti.mta.hu

Le orazioni di János Vitéz e la nascita dell'ars oratoria umanistica in Ungheria

Le orazioni di János Vitéz (circa 1408–1472) alla prima metà degli anni cinquanta del 15 secolo che influenzarono non solo l'arte oratoria ungherese ma anche quella centroeuropea, ricoprono un ruolo particolare nella letteratura umanistica. Il loro autore non ricevette un'educazione umanistica, ma le sue opere oratorie furono apprezzate anche dagli umanisti suoi contemporanei. Hanno una qualità eccellente, e sono buoni esempi del protoumanesimo ungherese e centroeuropeo. Nella mia relazione esaminerò le differenze fra l'ars oratoria medievale e umanistica, chiarirò lo sfondo delle orazioni di Vitéz, cercherò di dimostrare la perfezione retorica e la forza espressiva e artistica delle sue orazioni, e analizzerò qualche orazione di primi umanisti ungheresi (per es. Georgius Polycarpus, Albertus de Hangacs etc.).

Prof. Dr. Jan Papy

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Faculty of Arts

Seminarium Philologiae Humanisticae

Blijde-Inkomststraat 21 – bus 3316

B-3000 Leuven

Belgium

jan.papy@arts.kuleuven.be

Lipsian style and Swedish 18th-century politics? Nicolaus Laurentius Sörström's Dissertatio De Laconismo Lipsiano (Uppsala, 1739)

Lipsius's Latin style has been the subject of much controversy and scholarly discussion. As is well known, Lipsius was attacked more than once because of his pointed and a-typical prose style. Whereas it has been studied how and why this debate continued after Lipsius's death, traces of such debates later than the 17th century have not been found or discussed sofar. Yet, the age-old controversy concerning Lipsian style formed the very subject of a dissertation defended at Upssala University on 26 May 1739 by Nicolaus Laurentius Sörström, this under the presidence of Peter Ekerman, then Royal Professor of Eloquence at the University. It will appear that this Dissertatio De Laconismo Lipsiano is a perfect starting point indeed, for in all its brevity it forms a true synthesis of all previous studies and critiques concerning Lipsius's style. Moreover, it will be revealed that this dissertation was more than a pure stylistic study, but one of the many which Ekerman as president oriented ideologically within the political debates of his time.

Joaquín Pascual Barea

Avda. Amílcar Barca, 29, 11-D

E-11009 Cádiz (Spain)

joaquin.pascual@uca.es

Antiguos y modernos en los De arte oratoria... libri quinque (1596) de Bartolomé Bravo

Comentario sobre las fuentes y aportaciones de los De arte oratoria ac de eiusdem exercendae ratione Tullianaque imitatione, varia ad res singulas adhibita exemplorum copia libri quinque del jesuita Bartolomé Bravo (1554-1607), autor asimismo de unos Progymnasmata, una sintaxis, un tratado epistolar, un Arte Poetica, dos diccionarios, y otras obras destinadas a la enseñanza de la lengua latina con una metodología activa. La teoría general sigue los De arte rhetorica libri III de Cipriano Suárez, basados en Aristóteles, Quintiliano, Cicerón, Plutarco, la Rhetorica ad Herennium y otras obras clásicas. Pero el propósito de adaptar el arte de la Oratoria antigua a la práctica de hablar en público en su propio tiempo, le lleva a servirse también de discursos de asunto contemporáneo, y de obras modernas como el De inventione dialectica de Rodolfo Agrícola, los Exempla virtutum et vitiorum de Marco Marulo de Split, las Sententiae et exempla ex probatissimis quibusque scriptoribus collecta de Andreas Eborensis, la Officina de Ravisio Textor, el Theatrum vitae humanae de Theodor Zwinger, las Flores Bibliae sive loci communes, los Apothegmata reunidos por Erasmo, y otras recopilaciones renacentistas de sententiae y apothegmata de los clásicos.

Janika Päll

Department of Classical Philology

University of Tartu

Ülikooli 17

Tartu 51014

Estonia

Janika.Pall@ut.ee

The practising of Chreiai in Academia Gustaviana Dorpatensis in the 17th century

The paper discusses the main problems, concerning the writing of chreiai in Academia Gustaviana (1632-1656) and Academia Gustavo-Carolina (1690-1710). It is based on three corpora: manuscript collection of student exercises; printed occasional texts (prose gratulations or poems) and printed dissertations, disputations and speeches (below: dissertations), which use different chreiai as examples or proofs.

Although "Chreia" in the strict sense is one of the exercises (progymnasmata) in rhetorical theory and practice, it is used more generally for didactic anecdotes about deeds or words of historical persons, such as "gnome", "apophthegma", "ainos", "chreia". These different sub-genres are often labeled as chreiai in the manuscript corpus and in the margins of dissertations. Both handwritten corpus and occasional texts reveal that chreia was used for practicing the writing of gratulations or epicedia. Whereas several occasional texts in prose can be easily classified as gnomai or apophtheg-mata, the same could be at least partly claimed for poems, which are based on a citation. Another type of fusion, a mixture of Greek and Latin themes can be seen in the manuscript corpus, where the only Greek chreia is written on the verse from Ovid.

Olivier Pédeflous

(Université Paris-IV Sorbonne)

14 rue Robert Fleury

75015 Paris

France

oliver.p@club-internet.fr

La poétique du symposiaque à Paris au début du XVIe siècle : un laboratoire esthétique

Sous l'impulsion de la lecture des Asianistes italiens (Beroaldo et G. Baptista Pio) et de l'œuvre philologico-poétique de Politien, trois pédagogues parisiens, dans les années 1510, réinvestissent les Saturnales de Macrobe et resituent l'œuvre dans le contexte du genre de la miscellanée, alors florissant. François Dubois, le jeune Vivès et Nicolas Bérauld sont les artisans de ces réélaborations génériques qui ont alors cours dans un climat de liberté formelle qui précède l'ère du cicéronianisme triomphant.

Si l'utilisation théorique de Macrobe dans la définition des styles à la Renaissance a déjà été clairement mise en évidence par la critique, il ne s'agissait jamais d'un modèle global. Je montrerai que la forme du symposiaque à l'avantage de répondre à l'aspiration de ces humanistes à l'encyclopédisme, à une écriture « à sauts et à gambades » qui mime la conversation, tout en présentant une fiction de banquet convivial dans laquelle les cénacles d'alors se reconnaissaient.

Gábor Petneházi

Bihari 23/B, V/15

Szeged 6723

petnehazi_gabor@yahoo.it

Influenze erasmiani in Ungheria ed in Transilvania alla fine del Cinquecento

A causa di speciali caratteristiche storiche in Ungheria l'effetto di Erasmo è meno fertile rispetto a quello dell'Europa Occidentale oppure a quello di Polonia. Il culto di Erasmo nella seconda parte del Cinquecento è sempre vivente ma nelle opere letterarie soltanto in modo latente e non dichiarato. Nonostante la rapida diffusione della riforma protestante, in Ungheria delle opere erasmiane si traduce abbastanza poco e tardi, per es. la prima traduzione completa di un'opera erasmiana cioè dell' Enchiridion viene pubblicata soltanto nel 1627. Sebbene il Colloquia fino ai nostri giorni non ha una traduzione completa ungherese la sua influenza è visibile in certe opere umanistiche, ad esempio nel dialogo di Farkas Kovacsóczy, cancellario transilvanico De administratione Transylvaniae scritto nel 1584. Questo dialogo, nato in una situazione politica acuta è il primo trattato politico in Ungheria. Nella sua ideologia l'opera è piuttosto ciceroniana mentre nella sua struttura e nel suo stile segue il modello erasmiano (per es. nomi delle persone, cornice, locuzioni): però senza segnalazione delle sue fonti. Insomma, le opere di Erasmo erano conosciute ed usate dagli umanisti ungheresi della fine-Cinquecento e la traduzione abbreviata del De civilitate morum puerilium (1591) e quello dell'Adagia (1598) dimostrano l'aumento del culto di Erasmo anche se questo culto non otteneva mai le dimensioni di quello osteuropeo.

Sigurdur Pétursson

Háskóli Islands

Hugvísindadeild

Reykjavík

Island

sigpet@hi.is

The album amicorum of Arngrímur Jónsson

Although the album amicorum of Arngrímur Jónsson (1568-1648), Iceland's most significant humanist writer, does not exist in its original form, its content is known from the work Apotribe Virulentae et atrocis calumniae, composed in Latin by Arngrímur as an apology against grave slander and published in Hamburg in 1622. The proper selfdefence, (pp. 1-64), is succeeded by a collection of 25 letters written in Latin by important contemporary foreigners (pp.65-109) and 42 entries from his album amicorum (pp. 110-123). An epilogue and a Latin poem, composed by a learned Icelandic friend (pp. 118-126), conclude the work. Thus, the content of the album amicorum was preserved, handing down to posterity important information on various details of the learned world in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. We shall have a look at the entries of the album and try to value their importance. Were they only mere words, tokens of personal memories and pride, clad in ornamented Latin or Greek, or did they, reinforced by the exchange of letters, contain potentials for a more practical and constructive series of events in the life of a prolific humanist author like Arngrímur Jónsson?

Dr. Christoph Pieper

Universiteit Leiden

GLTC

Postbus 9515

2300 RA Leiden

The Netherlands

c.pieper@let.leidenuniv.nl

The Roman Discourse. Lorenzo Valla between Rome and the Barbarians

It is well known that the concept of ancient Rome provided one of the most attractive argumentative patterns in all kinds of ideological discourses in Italian humanism. The emphasis on the continuity between the old imperium Romanum and modern political entities served to legitimize the latter and to extol it against others. In my paper, I will focus on Lorenzo Valla and his relationship with Roman humanism. Born in Rome, Valla served for many years as private secretary of the king of Naples and only came back to his native city in the last years of his life. Despite his physical absence in Rome, I will argue that he was one of the most important voices that fashioned a specific Roman ideology. He presented Rome as the ideal heir of the Roman Empire of antiquity. Whereas his 'Elegantie lingue Latine' are mostly interpreted as programmatic treatise of the world-wide humanistic res publica litterarum, I will focus on its ideological impact and meaning.

Lee Piepho

Sweet Briar College

lpiepho@sbc.edu

"Great-Brittaines Sunne-Set": International Protestantism, Print, and Commemorative Anthologies on the Death of Prince Henry

Beginning in the sixteenth century a transnational literary culture using Neo-Latin and grounded in international Protestantism increasingly linked Britain to continental northern Europe. In my paper I shall examine the anthologies compiled at the English universities to commemorate a crucial event uniting this imagined community: the death in 1612 of Prince Henry, King James' elder son and a staunch advocate of militant international Protestantism. I am interested in how individual writers responded to this devastating event and in what ways the collections were organized to deal with it. The combination of Latin and print made a powerful tool by which to connect Protestants, and I shall close by surveying evidence in private and royal libraries for the dissemination of these anthologies in Britain and Protestant northern Europe.

Otto Plassmann

Alte Landstrasse 186

D – 40489 Duesseldorf

Germany

oplassmann@tiscali.de

Chronograms and other pastimes, The play with words and numerals in 17th century Sweden

Gustavus II. Adolphus and his daughter Christina drew many humanists from Central Europe to their Northern realm. The newly established Latin community was soon joined by local scholars. Along with science and progress, some of the learned immigrants brought with them the habit of composing Poesis Artificiosa, be it to play for their own amusement, be it to attract the attention of influential persons by dedicating to them elaborate masterpieces of the new art of Latin.

A comparison with the Poesis Artificiosa, as produced in Central Europe, will show which modifications, if any, this art has undergone by being transplanted to the shores of the Baltic Sea, that is, how the immigrant as well as the local scholars did "excolere litteras et artes nobis traditas". The personalities and lives of the scholars, their old and their new networks, as well as the relative ratio of Poesis Artificiosa to the total production will be considered.

The art of the chronogram will be used as a guiding example.

Carolina Ponce Hernández

Dr. en Letras Clásicas

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

sulpicia7@hotmail.com

Alonso de la Veracruz y la importancia de su Speculum coniugiorum

El Speculum coniugiorum de Alonso de la Veracruz (1556) fue un tratado muy importante para la organización y construcción de la nueva nación mexicana, puesto que analiza y ofrece soluciones a los problemas que dos mundos cultures diferentes, el indígena y el europeo cristiano, enfrentan en lo relativo a los matrimonios. De dicha obra se realizaron por lo menos tres ediciones completas, la primera en México y las dos siguientes en España, y hubo una última en Milán cum appendice de 1599. Hasta el momento no contamos con una traducción completa de la obra, sino sólo se han traducido partes en antologías, una de las cuales fue hecha por quien escribe esto. En la ponencia se tratará de hacer una revisión general de la historia del text, presentando algunas de las variantes que ofrecen las distintas ediciones, y además se hará una valoración crítica del contenido enfatizando sus contribuciones en los aspectos antropológico y filosófico, especialmente a partir de los conceptos latinos y su traducción.

Sandra Provini

100, chaussée de l'étang

94 160 Saint-Mandé

France

sandra.provini@gmail.com

La poésie héroïque néo-latine en France pendant les premières guerres d'Italie (1495-1515)

Les années 1495-1515 voient fleurir en France de longs poèmes néo-latins composés en hexamètres dactyliques au sujet des guerres d'Italie, parmi lesquels le De Neapolitana Fornoviensique victoria d'Andrelini (1496), le Carmen de expugnatione Genuensi de La Varanne (1508) et la Chilias Heroica de […] Ludovici duodecimi in Venetos victoria de Forestier (1510). Je me propose d'étudier la poétique de ces poèmes qui multiplient les emprunts à l'Énéide, y puisant des éléments héroïques à réinjecter dans l'œuvre pour lui donner une tonalité et une coloration élevées et dignes des événements racontés, mais ne suivent pas strictement le modèle virgilien peu adapté au traitement d'événements immédiatement contemporains. Ces poèmes de circonstance, composés par des poètes-historiographes de cour, font leur la théorie de la varietas transmise par les Italiens du Quattrocento : les poètes aménagent le modèle épique à l'aide de la poétique de la silve, mais aussi de l'héritage de l'épopée historico-panégyrique de l'Antiquité tardive, pour faire une place importante au discours encomiastique et à l'expression de leur propre affectivité. Ils jouent ainsi de toute la gamme à leur disposition pour remplir les différentes missions qui sont les leurs au début de la Renaissance.

Krisztina Rábai, Zoltán Horogszegi

Fûtômû u. 1/a.

Szeged

koponyanyi@operamail.com

The usage of Latin language in the charters of the fourteenth century (Charters of the Angevin Era)

In this presentation, we try to highlight those characteristic differences, which are between the medieval Hungarian and renaissance European charters.

The essay is based on charters – written in Latin – from the fourteenth century, which are the documents of the functioning and the administration of European Kingdoms. Our research concentrates on the reign of Louis the Great, who was one of the most prominent kings of medieval Hungarian Kingdom.

The fourteenth century was an eventful term of the Hungarian history, when a new dynasty, the Angevin ascended the throne. Under the rule of Louis I, Hungary became an important political power of Europe. As it is commonly known, Charles I, his son Louis the Great and Louis' son-in-law, Sigismund Luxemburg were very significant figures of the fourteenth century Europe.

By comparing and contrasting the charters of this century, we can recognize the Hungarian particularities of the usage of Latin language, furthermore we can get closer to the everyday life of the kingdom's population and we can get to know the attribute of Hungarian common law and jurisdiction.

Fidel Rädle

Tuckermannweg 15

D-37085 Göttingen

fraedle@gwdg.de

Das Bild des Juristen in der neulateinischen Literatur

Die Nähe des Juristen und seiner Profession zur lateinischen Literatur dokumentiert sich in der frühen Neuzeit nicht zuletzt darin, dass zahlreiche bedeutende Autoren studierte Juristen waren bzw. juristische Funktionen ausübten. Der reine Literat konnte – wenn überhaupt – nur ausnahmsweise, etwa als Universitätsprofessor, ein auskömmliches Dasein fristen, während der Beruf des Juristen oder des Arztes nach landläufiger und sprichwörtlicher Meinung Reichtum garantierte. Wer literarisch von Juristen handelte, schrieb in der Regel aufgrund von Erfahrung und mit guter Kenntnis seines Gegenstandes, doch immer auch unter dem schwer abzuschätzenden Einfluss von Vorurteilen und Clichés, mit denen dieser Berufsstand – nicht anders als Theologen oder Ärzte – von jeher behaftet war. Die descriptio einzelner Fakultäten und Stände bzw. ihrer Repräsentanten war eine reizvolle Herausforderung und garantierte in der Regel satirische Effekte.

Zur Sprache kommen in diesem Beitrag unter anderen folgende Autoren: Erasmus (Laus stultitiae), Agrippa von Nettesheim (De incertitudine et vanitate scientiarum), Nicodemus Frischlin (Priscianus vapulans), Andreas Fabricius Leodiensis (Religio patiens), Georg Ruggle (Ignoramus), Ludwig Holberg (Nicolai Klimii Iter subterraneum).

Johann Ramminger

Thesaurus Linguae Latinae

Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften

A. Goppel-Str. 11

D-80539 Muenchen

j.ramminger@thesaurus.badw.de

Niccolò Perotti's Latin: Classical and otherwise

The preferential imitation of Classical Latin was one of the central tenets of Renaissance humanism. In practice the humanists' adherence to their professed linguistic ideals was rather uneven, depending not only on genre and audience/addressee, but also on which classical authors they considered as valid points of reference. A further factor was the near complete absence or unreliability of works of reference for grammar and lexicography before the late Quattrocento. The result of this melée - which is much more unpredictable than humanists would have us believe - so far is difficult to estimate with precision. This paper focuses on N. Perotti, whose Cornu copiae is the starting point of modern Latin lexicography. I will try to analyse the vocabulary of his letters (humanist and administrative), correlating it with the Latin defined as classical in the Cornu copiae and the medieval lexica used by Perotti, esp. Hugutio's Derivationes. The lemmata of modern dictionaries of classical Latin will establish the background for a statistical evaluation of Perotti's success in reconstructing classical Latin from a theoretical as well as practical point of view.

Valery Rees

Conifers

12 Sandy Lodge Way

Northwood

HA6 2AJ UK

Valery.rees@ficino.org

BL Harley 5335 and the revival of the Epistolary art

Harley 5335 is a small but exquisite illuminated manuscript in the British Library, prepared for Francesco Gonzaga by a fellow cardinal, Berardo Eroli of Spoleto, sometime in the 1460s or 70s. It contains some interesting letters relating to the human condition, to continuing education, and to the moral requirements of high office in the church. It is unusual in that it presents a selection of other peoples' letters on these topics, including one describing the death of Cardinal Bessarion and four by Marsilio Ficino. The use of the letter as a form of literary expression underwent change during the later fifteenth century, but this gift book appears to be a new departure, falling between the collection of an author's own work and the medley of extracts represented in commonplace collections. After some observations on its illumination, presentation, likely date and content, it will be discussed in the light of contemporary gifts and contemporary letter collections by Ficino, Poliziano and others.

Stella Revard

6638 Pershing Avenue

Saint Louis, Missouri 63130 USA

srevard@siue.edu

Courting the Star: Pontano's and Sidney's Stella

Pontano's sequence of poems to Stella in Eridanus may at first glance appear an unlikely source for Sir Philip Sidney's sonnet sequence Astrophel and Stella. Pontano's lover is elderly; Sidney's young and earnest. Yet on closer examination the poetry itself suggests some interesting parallels. First of all, it is clear that Sidney knew Pontano's work; he commends Pontano's astronomical poetry in his Defence of Poesie. Second, Eridanus is a sequence of love poems which tells the story of the developing love affair from Pontano's first sighting Stella on the banks of the Po to her ultimate rejection and abandonment of him. Sidney also takes us through the different stages of his love for Stella, and the sequence also ends with Stella's rejection of the lover. In Eridanus Pontano adapts the techniques of the Petrarchan sonnet sequence to his own purposes. Cupid and Venus are present, and Cupid strikes the lover with the golden arrow synonymous with Stella's glance. Similarly, Cupid plays a major role in Sidney's sequence, making his bow of Stella's eye-brows and striking the lover. Both poets continually exploit the metaphor of the star in describing Stella. Finally, both sequences end with Stella absent and the lover disillusioned.

Zoltán Rihmer

Kékgolyó utca 2/B

H-1123, Budapest

rihmer@freemail.hu

Nova et vetera terminologiae iuris canonici in codicibus vigentibus Ecclesiae Catholicae

Inter opera Neolatina hodierna amplissimum est corpus legum Ecclesiae, quod vel maxime afficit vitam hominum praesentis aetatis. Nam tum Codicis iuris canonici (CIC) pro Ecclesia Latina anno 1983 editi, tum Codicis canonum Ecclesiarum orientalium (CCEO) anno 1990 promulgati, quibus universi per orbem tenentur, qui nomine catholico censeantur, textus Latinus unice exstat authenticus. Quorum quidem in linguas varias versiones ad melius eorum observanda praescripta quamvis in manibus multorum habeantur, nullum tamen huc usque confectum est sive lexicon Latinitatis eorum, sive opus quoddam monographicum, quo terminologia iuris canonici in iisdem contenta tractetur. Duorum hisce malorum priori nunc tandem occurritur, cum feliciter perfecta CCEO in linguam Hungaricam versione etiam dictionarium Latino-Hungaricum ad textum vigentium Ecclesiae codicum concinnatum in publicum prodit. Cuius materia fretus in hac oratione auctor ostendet, qui termini canonici saeculorum ante actorum, ad linguam iuris antiquam et mediaevalem potius pertinentes, etiam nunc in usu supersint, quique novi recentiore hac memoria introducti novissimeque ad temporis nostri adiuncta confecti possint in utroque codice inveniri. Est insuper operae pretium terminologiam CIC, quae traditionem servat Latinam, cum lingua canonica CCEO ratione tam iuridica quam linguistica comparare, ut veteribus nova saepiuscule praeferentibus nobis orbem nostrum occidentem venerabilis etiam lux orientis illustret.

Dr. David Rijser

Gerard terborgstraat 4-III

1071 TM Amsterdam

The Ideology of Latin Continuity Encomiastic Latin Poetry on Julius II by Fausto Maria Maddalena Capodiferro

The curial humanist and poet Fausto Maria Maddalena Capodiferro produced two Latin encomistic poems on the reign of Julius II, preserved with a number of epigrams in BAV Vat.Lat. 3351 and 10366. Especially the latter connects Augustan propaganda and mythology as represented by Vergil's Aeneid with both Julian rule and his collection of sculpture in the Cortile delle statue in the Villa Belvedere, which was visible from the position of Julius' throne in the Stanza della Segnatura when he officiated there, and is therefore emphatically to be connected with the propagandistic content of the decorations of both the Stanza and the Cortile. The lecture proposes to pursue these connections by exploring possible functions of the poetry in the ceremonial context of these spaces, and by analysing the view of history and myth these poems exhibit. These views will be compared tot the funeral oration on Julius by papal librarianTommaso Inghirami. It will be submitted that art and poetry functioned as both means of propaganda and proof of papal claims, and that the use of the Latin language was essential for the conveyance of the intended significance.

Vibeke Roggen

The University of Oslo

Department of Philosophy, Classics and The History of Arts and Ideas

P.O. Box 1020 Blindern

N-0315 Oslo

vibeke.roggen@ifikk.uio.no

Men as trees in Holberg's Nicolai Klimii iter subterraneum

Ludvig Holberg is a Neo-Latin author with success. His utopian novel Niels Klim's Underground Journey has received interest right from the beginning (Leipzig 1741) and still does.

In an attempt to explore a cave on a hill in his hometown Bergen, the young candidate Niels Klim falls by accident and comes to an unknown, subterranean world. On the planet Nazar human beings have the shape of trees. This trait has been related to Ovid's Metamorphoses and transformed trees. But this can be only part of the explanation. The trees have a comic effect; for example, the learned Klim becomes a messenger in Nazar because he can run very quickly, compared to the tree-men. The question of political or religious opposition is illustrated by trees with different-shaped eyes: the ruling class have rectangular eyes and makes others swear that a certain image is rectangular.

The paper will discuss Holberg's tree-men and their functions. What did Holberg obtain through his use of trees in Niels Klim?

Franz Römer

Institut für Klassische Philologie, Mittel- und Neulatein

Philologisch-Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakultät

Universität Wien

Dr. Karl Lueger Ring 1

A-1010 Wien

Austria

franz.roemer@univie.ac.at

"Cui bono?" – Eine von Linné inspirierte Dissertation und parallele Reflexionen eines österreichischen Physikers

Am 21. Oktober 1752 verteidigte Christopher Eliasson Gedner (1730-1773) seine unter den Auspizien Linnés verfasste Dissertation, deren Titel "Quaestio historico-naturalis: cui bono?" über fachwissenschaftliche Detailprobleme hinausgehend die grundsätzliche Frage nach dem Wert wissenschaftlicher Forschung anspricht. Ausgangspunkte sind die (schon der Antike geläufige) Überzeugung, dass die Natur für den Menschen geschaffen, und der Glaube, dass in Gottes Schöpfung nichts Sinnloses enthalten ist. Nach einleitenden grundsätzlichen Überlegungen, bei denen auch die Skeptiker zu Wort kommen, wird mit einer Reihe instruktiver Beispiele aus allen Bereichen der Natur und Erfolgsgeschichten zu deren Erforschung der Beweis geführt, dass alles in der Schöpfung seinen Nutzen hat. Die Argumentation beruht also auf einer engen Rückbindung der Naturwissenschaft an die Theologie und gipfelt in der provokanten Schlussfrage "cui bono est homo?".

Einige Jahre später hat Gottlieb Leopold Biwald SJ (1731-1805) in der Dissertatio, mit der er sein großes physikalisches Lehrwerk begleitete, auf Gedners Text zwar nur punktuell Bezug genommen, seine breiten Ausführungen über den Wert der Physik für alle Bereiche des menschlichen Lebens aber nach vergleichbaren gedanklichen Prinzipien gestaltet.

Miguel Ángel Romero Cora.

Estudiante de la Licenciatura en Letras Clásica en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

redemptorismater7@hotmail.com

El problema de los universales en la Dialectica resolutio de fray Alonso de la Veracruz

Un año después de la inauguración de los cursos en la recién fundada Universidad de México (1553), el agustino Alonso de la Veracruz, autor de varios tratados de carácter jurídico-social tales como De dominio infidelium et iusto bello y De decimis, dio a conocer el primer texto sobre lógica escrito en el Nuevo Mundo: Dialectica Resolutio cum textu Aristotelis. Fue tal la buena aceptación de que gozo el tratado, que la Universidad de Salamanca (España) lo reeditó por tres veces. Siguiendo la disposición de los manuales en uso para la enseñanza de la lógica, Alonso de la Veracruz abarca el estudio de los predicables en el primero de los tres libros que integran la Dialectica resolutio. Expone allí el problema de los universales, desde las perspectivas del realismo (extremo y moderado) y el nominalismo. Siendo, pues, la Dialectica Resolutio el primer texto para la enseñanza de la lógica en la Nueva España, resulta de capital importancia su estudio, traducción y comentario a fin de valor aquellos aspectos innovadores en el tratamiento de una cuestión tan debatida a lo largo de la edad media como fue el problema de los universales y las implicaciones doctrinales que llevaron a fray Alonso de la Veracruz a optar por el realismo moderado sin rechazar abiertamente el nominalismo.

Giovanni Rossi

Via della Cervara, 55

38100 Trento

Italy

giovanni.rossi@univr.it

La «Sphaera civitatis» (1588) di John Case: tradizione aristotelica e riflessione politica nell'Inghilterra di fine Cinquecento

Gli scritti di John Case (Woodstock, 1540 ca.-Oxford, 1600), filosofo e medico attivo a Oxford nell'ultimo trentennio del Cinquecento, si segnalano per la fedeltà alla dottrina aristotelica. Egli diffonde con successo l'insegnamento dello Stagirita soprattutto in materia di filosofia morale: l'Etica a Nicomaco, i Magna Moralia, la Politica e l'Economico sono le opere che ispirano a Case la stesura di trattati quali Speculum quaestionum moralium (1585), Reflexus speculi moralis (1596), Sphaera civitatis (1588), Thesaurus oeconomiae (1597). Su tali basi Charles B. Schmitt, che ha "riscoperto" questo autore dedicandogli una monografia pubblicata nel 1983, ha indicato in Case il maggiore esponente inglese dell'aristotelismo, sottolineando anche il successo editoriale delle sue opere. In tale cornice, questa relazione vuole approfondire la conoscenza della Sphaera civitatis, ispirata alla Politica aristotelica, focalizzando l'analisi soprattutto sul libro IV, dedicato alle forme e ai cambiamenti di governo, alla tirannide, ai caratteri della legge, alle qualità necessarie nei magistrati e nei cittadini, sul V, sulle sedizioni e i rivolgimenti dei sistemi politici, sul VI, rivolto alla concreta organizzazione della civitas. Ciò per appurare la perdurante importanza dell'aristotelismo ma anche il grado di originalità di questa opera, nei contenuti e nel metodo espositivo.

Todd A. Rygh

University of Washington

Department of English

Seattle WA 98195

trygh@u.washington.edu

Revels End: Reading F.S. Boas' editorial production of The Christmas Prince

Although a widely discussed work, the St. John's, Oxford revels of 1607-1608, containing five plays in Latin and three in English that were complied in manuscript form by 1610, were not published until F.S. Boas' 1926 diplomatic edition sponsored by The Malone Society, titled The Christmas Prince. Prior to Boas' work, the descriptions of this group of plays were products of a nostalgic nationalism, deployed amid widespread celebration of the British colonial project. The first edition of Miscellanea antiquaAnglicana in 1816 contained a description of the revels; as did the first issue of Murray's Magazine, published in 1887. For these publications, the St. John's revels provided an accessible contact point between the medieval heritage and conceptions of the nation-state's imagined community. Many of Boas' editorial and interpretive decisions can be read as a direct response to these Romantic interpreters of medieval social history. However, Boas retains the problematic assumption that the plays themselves gestured to the politics of the medieval mumming tradition. In this paper I will argue such an assumption is misplaced. Instead, the playsrepresent a distinctly "Renaissance" creation, deliberately incorporating aspects of recently discovered Latin saturnalian and slave drama texts filtered throughErasmian humanism. In fact, it is quite possible that a 1506 edition of Erasmus' In Praise of Folly,which was paired with Seneca's saturnalian work, Apocolocyntosis, served as the direct source to the advanced undergraduates and masters who supervised the composition of the frame narrative that links the individual plays. I am also intrigued by the possibility that the book may have served as textual inspiration in the production of the manuscript, in so far as the manuscript mimics the conventions of Menippean satire.

Per Sandström

Tegnérgatan 32 C, 2 tr.

SE-752 27 Uppsala

per.sandstrom@klassiska.su.se; per.sandstrom@uadm.uu.se

Calpurnius Siculus and his Renaissance commentators

The Eclogues of Calpurnius Siculus reappeared in Italy in the second half of the fourteenth century, at a time when pastoral poetry was coming into fashion again. All extant manuscripts containing the complete text of his Eclogues stem from this and the two following centuries. Between 1471 and 1546 no fewer than twenty-eight editions were printed. However, the large number of manuscripts and editions is not matched by an equal amount of scholarly work on the Eclogues from the same period.

An examination of the two commentaries on Calpurnius Siculus' Eclogues published by Jodocus Badius Ascensius in 1503 and Diomede Guidalotti in 1504 can yield interesting insights concerning the criticism of bucolic poetry in the Renaissance. The focus of this paper is on the commentators' treatment of biographical interpretation, intention and genre. In particular, I will consider the relation between the interpretive practices employed in the commentaries to those used by Servius in his commentary on Virgil's Eclogues.

María Teresa Santamaría Hernández

Facultad de humanidades

Univrsidad de Castilla-La Mancha

Edificio Benjamín Palencia

Campus Universitario S/N

E-02071 Albacete (España)

Teresa.Santamaria@uclm.es

La elección del léxico técnico en la Syruporum uniuersa ratio de Miguel Servet: entre la necesidad y la imitación

En la Syruporum uniuersa ratio (París, 1537) Miguel Servet trataba la polémica suscitada sobre el uso de los jarabes para favorecer la cocción terapéutica de los humores, y explicaba la teoría de la coctio desde los presupuestos galénicos. También hacía algunas precisiones sobre el uso de ciertos términos relativos al tema y rechazaba la denominación medieval de algunos conceptos. En cuanto al léxico técnico, esta obra ofrece –como otros escritos médicos de la época- una mezcla de términos latinos procedentes de los modelos clásicos de la medicina renacentista con otros de procedencia distinta y algunos helenismos inevitables por diversas razones. No hay que perder de vista que Galeno, fuente principal de las explicaciones de Servet, se conocía y, sobre todo, se difundía en latín, pero un latín que, según los médicos humanistas, debía diferenciarse del de la medicina medieval y acercarse de nuevo a los autores antiguos.

En este trabajo analizaré la procedencia de algunos términos técnicos relativos a conceptos capitales de la obra (como coctio, concoctio, incoctio, elixatio, serosum, hypostasis, enaeorema) y la razón de su presencia en la misma, sin olvidar que pudo haberlos conocido a través de obras médicas medievales o de su propio tiempo.

Carlo Santini

Università di Perugia

carloalb@unipg.it

Il lago Trasimeno nella letteratura neo-latina del XVI secolo

Il lago Trasimeno ha rappresentato una presenza nella realtà geografica, economica, storica e culturale dell'Umbria di tale rilevanza da occupare uno spazio specifico anche nella produzione letteraria neolatina dell'età dell'Umanesimo e oltre. La testimonianza più rilevante di tale presenza è reperibile nel poema in esametri [Trasimenis], composto da Matteo dall'Isola (figura di letterato e poeta attivo nella prima metà del XVI secolo) e recentemente (1998) edito a cura di D. Di Lorenzi. Il poema descrive la pesca che si svolge nel Lago Trasimeno corredando tale nucleo tematico con una cornice mitologica e allegorica, sulla quale si innestano allusioni storiche di incerta datazione, ma presumibilmente riconducibili a fatti e personaggi coevi. L'indagine sul poemetto intende soffermarsi sui seguenti aspetti di un testo poco conosciuto: la struttura generale e l'articolazione dei temi nei tre libri, la definizione del genere letterario, le fonti classiche e il rapporto con la pubblicistica coeva, le informazioni ittiologiche e quelle sulle tecniche della pesca in ambiente lacustre, il quadro ideologico conclusivo.

Raija Sarasti-Wilenius

Vuorimiehenkatu 5 A 14

00140 Helsinki

Finland

raija.sarasti-wilenius@helsinki.fi

Commonplace-books in seventeenth century Sweden and Finland

The commonplace-book, a compilation of excerpted quotations from established authors gathered under heads (loci) was firmly entrenched in the mentality and pedagogic methodology of Early Modern Europe as it is shown by Ann Moss (1996) in her treatise on commonplace-books and Renaissance thought.

This paper will examine the commonplace-books compiled in mainland Sweden and the Magnus Ducatus Finlandiae in the seventeenth century, i.e. in the period of transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque, by presenting characteristics of printed compilations as well as private notebook compilations in manuscript form. These will be compared with printed commonplace-books compiled by European scholars in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries available in the Swedish and Finnish libraries at the time. The questions asked will be the following: what kind of a role do commonplace-books have in transmitting Renaissance thought to seventeenth century Sweden and Finland? What was their role as a pedagogic method and writers' working tool? What information on the impact of the commonplace-books on readers may possibly be obtained from comments that have been entered in the volumes by readers or that can be gathered from other sources?

Paolo Sartori

Corpvs Christianorvm - Brepols Publishers

Sint-Annaconvent

Begijnhof 39

B-2300 Turnhout - Belgium

paolo.sartori@brepols.net

La Bibbia in Erasmo e Petrus Sutor tra letteratura, teologia e filologia, tra chiostri ed università

L'amicizia con Ammonio Levino da una parte, un'aspra controversia con Petrus Sutor dall'altra: due atteggiamenti del tutto opposti di Eramo nei confronti di due monaci certosini, che si riscontrano anche nei Colloquia. L'intervento intende confrontare le testimonianze di Erasmo sui certosini con due epigrammi di Petrus Sutor e si prefigge un duplice obiettivo: da una parte, cercando di indagare le tracce di aperture all'umanesimo tra i seguaci di San Bruno, si vuole verificare il grado di compatibilità dell'ideale umanistico erasmiano relativo alla traduzione del Nuovo Testamento con la vita religiosa certosina. Dall'altra, attraverso l'analisi del rapporto tra spiritualità monastica, studi letterari e discussioni teologiche sulle traduzioni della Bibbia, si vuole ricostruire la catena di rapporti umani e culturali che unì tra loro i vari oppositori cattolici di Erasmo e le università presso le quali essi furono attivi.

Dr. Florian Schaffenrath

Universität Innsbruck

Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen

Innrain 52

A-6020 Innsbruck

florian.schaffenrath@uibk.ac.at

Musnickis Epos über die Höllenfahrt Christi (1805)

Der aus Litauen gebürtige Jesuit Nicodemus Musnicki war ein Neffe des bekannten Ordensgenerals Stanislaus Czernievicz SJ und erlebte die Ereignisse der Ordensunterdrückung von 1773 unmittelbar mit. In Weißrussland wurde die Gesellschaft Jesu nicht aufgelassen, und so konnte Musnicki am Kolleg von Po³ock bis zu seinem frühen Tod 1805 als Professor wirken. Noch 1805 verfasste er (neben einem historischen Epos in polnischer Sprache) ein lateinisches Epos de Christi ab inferis reditu in drei Büchern, die er Papst Pius VII. mit der Bitte überreichte, den Orden wieder weltweit zuzulassen (explizite Nennung in der Sphragis 3,465-472). Von diesem Gedicht hat sich eine Handschrift in der Biblioteca Nationale Centrale di Roma (Signatur: FG m. 47) erhalten. Die drei Bücher entsprechen den drei Tagen, die Jesus nach seinem Kreuzestod in der Unterwelt verbracht hat (1: Tod und Unterweltsfahrt; 2: Kampf mit den Höllenmächten; 3: Auferstehung und Himmelfahrt). Im Vortrag soll auf die Analogie zu Sannazaros ebenfalls aus drei Büchern komponiertem Geburts-Epos de partu Virginis eingegangen werden. Andererseits kann die Höllenfahrt und glorreiche Auferstehung Christi als Bild für den unterdrückten Jesuitenorden und seine erhoffte Wiederauferstehung interpretiert werden.

Claudia Schindler

Universitaet Tuebingen

Philologisches Seminar

Wilhelmstrasse 36

72074 Tuebingen

claudia.schinder@uni-tuebingen.de

Lehrdichtung als "elitäre" Poesie: Christopher Stays Traktat De poesi didascalica im Kontext der antiken und neulateinischen Lehrgedicht-Poetik

Die Lehrdichtung gehört zu den in der antiken und modernen Poetik am häufigsten problematisierten literarischen Gattungen. Ausgehend von dem Verdikt des Aristoteles, der die naturwissenschaftlichen Lehrdichtungen des Empedokles als "amimetisch" aus der Dichtung ausgrenzen wollte, etablierte sich in der Dichtungstheorie gegenüber dieser Gattung eine negative Haltung: Lehrdichtung sei nicht nur amimetisch, sondern sie sei "ein Mittelgeschöpf zwischen Prosa und Poesie" und ein "Musterfall einer unpoetischen Gattung".

Einen konträren Ansatz zu diesen weit verbreiteten Auffassungen vertritt Christopher Stay in seinem 1792 gedruckten Traktat De poesi didascalica. Christopher Stay, dessen Bruder Benedict Stay als Verfasser neulateinischer philosophischer Lehrdichtungen hervorgetreten ist, distanziert sich nämlich in diesem Werk von den gängigen Negativurteilen über didaktische Poesie und versucht in einem innerhalb der antiken und neulateinischen Lehrgedicht-Poetik einzigartigen Versuch, die didaktische Poesie nicht nur als vollgültige poetische Gattung zu etablieren, sondern sie sogar als beste aller poetischen Gattungen und als Gattung mit einem elitären Anspruch zu erweisen.

In dem Vortrag soll untersucht werden, welche Argumente Stay für die Vorrangstellung der didaktischen Poesie geltend macht und wie sich seine Argumentationen zur aktuellen neulateinischen Lehrgedichtproduktion des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts verhält.

Dr. Albert Schirrmeister

SFB 644 "Transformationen der Antike"

Humboldt Universität zu Berlin

Unter den Linden 6

D-10099 Berlin

schirrma@rz.hu-berlin.de

Politische Semantik in Vadians historiographischen Schriften

Der Vortrag steht im Zusammenhang mit einem Forschungsprojekt zur humanistischen Historiographie. Eine hier entwickelte Datenbank zur Historischen Semantik der Historiographie des Humanismus soll als Instrument dienen, im vergleichenden Zugriff gültige Aussagen zur politischen, spazialen und historiographischen Begrifflichkeit der Humanisten zu machen und die Transformationen antiker Begriffe in der frühneuzeitlichen Historiographie konkret zu benennen und analytisch auszudeuten. Es werden konkrete Wortgebräuche in den Quellen untersucht, die einzelnen Wörter aber werden in ihren jeweiligen diskursiven und textlichen Zusammenhang gestellt. Auf dieser Grundlage werden interpretatorische Zugriffe verwirklicht.

Im geplanten Vortrag sollen die Schriften Vadians als Beispiel herangezogen werden, um zu untersuchen, ob und wie Humanisten in ganz Europa eine gleiche Sprache schrieben, bzw. welche regionalen, sozialen und anderen Differenzierungen sich schon im Gebrauch des Lateinischen ergaben: Gibt es einen einheitlichen "humanistischen Diskurs"?

Zum anderen soll diskutiert werden, wie sich das als normativ anzusehende Verhältnis zur römischen Antike im Sprachgebrauch widerspiegelt: Inwieweit gerät die ideologische Antikereferenz humanistischer Autoren der Humanisten, die von sich behaupten, dass klassische Latein wiederzubeleben in Konflikt mit der transformierenden Anpassung des antiken Sprachgebrauchs an ihre eigene Wirklichkeit?

Prof. Dr. Paul Gerhard Schmidt

Seminar für Lateinische Philologie des Mittelalters

Werthmannstr. 8

D – 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau

Deutschland

(privat: Unteres Grün 7

D – 79117 Freiburg im Breisgau

schmidt@mittellatein. uni-freiburg.de

Deperdita restituere. Supplemente antiker Literatur vor und nach Johannes Freinsheim

Die überlieferungsbedingten Verluste lateinischer Literatur der Antike hat man bereits im Mittelalter durch Ergänzungen auszugleichen versucht. Derartige Supplemente, die vielfach unter Verwendung authentischen Materials aus anderen antiken Quellen erstellt wurden, gab es etwa zu Ovids Heroides, mehrfach zu den verlorenenen beiden ersten Büchern der Alexandergeschichte des Curtius Rufus, dann zu Livius, dessen nicht erhaltenen Dekaden Johannes Freinsheim, der von 1642 bis 1651 in Uppsala lebte, als "ehrbarer Fälscher" rekonstruierte, schließlich zu Sallust und Tacitus.

Ähnlich groß ist die Zahl der poetischen Supplemente: Man machte die Komödien des Plautus durch kleinere Zusätze spielbar, vervollständigte die Fasten Ovids, ersetzte die verlorenen Bücher der Argonautica des Valerius Flaccus, schrieb Fortsetzungen zum Bellum civile Lucans und verfaßte – in mindestens drei Fällen – ein 13. Buch zur Aeneis, das in der Regel von der Beerdigung des Turnus und der Hochzeit des Aeneas mit Lavinia handelt.

Der Vortrag bietet einen Überblick über die Intentionen der Verfasser von Supplementen, die sich vielfach als Künstler empfanden; so wie jene einer beschädigten antiken Statue wieder zur abgeschlagenen Nase oder zu fehlendenHänden und Armen verhalfen, so wollten diese dem Leser ein vollständiges Kunstwerk präsentieren.

Der bis ins frühe 19. Jahrhundert anhaltende große Erfolg der oft gedruckten Supplemente bestätigt die Kunst und das große Assimilationsvermögen neulateinischer Autoren bei der Aneignung fremden Stils und fremder Mentalität.

Prof. Dr. Christian Schmitt

Universität Bonn

ch.schmitt@uni-bonn.de

Neulatein und Lexikologie der romanischen Volkssprachen

Die genauere Analyse historischer wie deskriptiver Wörterbücher der romanischen Einzelsprachen zeigt eine deutliche Präferenz für die Einheiten des (vulgär-)lateinisch-romanischen Kontinuums und einen recht sorglosen Umgang mit den Epochenwortschätzen des klassischen, mittellateinischen und neulateinischen Wortschatzes, der in Form von Quereinsteigern ohne Kontinuität erscheint und in den großen Wörterbüchern recht willkürlich (mit lat. alch., bot., cabal., gramm., sav., etc.) charakterisiert wird. Selbst der Thesaurus Linguae Latinae scheint sich (wie alle romanischen etymologischen Wörterbücher) für diese Tradition, der inzwischen zwei Drittel des modernen Wortschatzes zu verdanken sind, nicht zu interessieren; daß z.B. morphologia (Goethe) oder gerontologia (Schoepffer) deutsche Neolatinismen sind, wird in allgemeinen nicht wahrgenommen.

Ziel des Vortrags ist es, über eine Wörterbuchkritik hinaus Methoden und Prinzipien darzustellen, die zu einer angemessenen und typologisch wie genealogisch korrekten Evaluierung des Beitrags der neulateinischen Kultur und Sprache (mit ihren Varietäten) führen und zu einer besseren, weil korrekteren und weniger nationalistisch ausgerichteten Erfassung und Beschreibung des Kulturwortschatzes der romanischen Sprachen beitragen. Ausgehend von exemplarischen Begriffsfeldern soll gezeigt werden, daß mehrere lexikographische Traditionen ausgehend von neulateinischen Befunden und neulateinischer Wortbildung neu dargestellt und zahlreiche als gesichert geltende Filiationen zu korrigieren sind: Die Europäisierung der romanischen Sprachen stellt in erster Linie ein vom Neulatein ausgehendes Phänomen dar.

Lene Schøsler

University of Copenhagen

Dpt. of English, German and Romance

Njalsgade 128, DK-2300 Copenhagen S

schoesl@hum.ku.dk

Karsten Friis-Jensen

University of Copenhagen

The Saxo Institute

Njalsgade 80, DK-2300 Copenhagen S

kfj@hum.ku.dk

Is it possible to develop a "fingerprint test" for neo-Latin texts?

Much effort has gone into developing stylometrical methods based on statistics, activities which increased with the advent of digital technology. Latin philology has followed the general trend, and the purpose has often been to prove or disprove hypotheses of authorial attribution (Echtheitskritik). In this paper we want to present some preliminary results in the development of a more general method to characterise and differentiate neo-Latin texts by means of a spectrum of statistical tests based on a well-tagged textual corpus. This corpus is being established by the project "Latin and the Vernaculars in Early Modern Europe", and besides neo-Latin texts it will include contemporary vernacular translations of neo-Latin texts and vice versa. The tests will mainly be applied within the fields of lexicography and syntax, and the distribution of features for neo-Latin will be compared with the corresponding distribution in the vernaculars.

Sonja Martina Schreiner

Institut für Klassische Philologie, Mittel- und Neulatein

Philologisch-Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakultät

Universität Wien

Dr. Karl Lueger Ring 1

A-1010 Wien

sonja.schreiner@univie.ac.at

Von Uppsala nach Graz. Linnés "Amoenitates Academicae" in einer österreichischen Auswahledition

Gottlieb Leopold Biwald (1731-1805) ist als Verfasser des zweibändigen Standardwerks Physica Generalis und Physica Particularis ein Markstein der österreichischen Physikgeschichte. Weniger bekannt ist seine Auswahledition von unter dem Vorsitz Linnés verteidigten Dissertationen in drei umfangreichen Bänden: Auf die Selectae ex amaenitatibus academicis Caroli Linnaei dissertationes ad universam naturalem historiam pertinentes (1764) folgt 1766 deren Continuatio (von Biwald durch eine Abhandlung über den steirischen Erzberg ergänzt) und 1769 eine Continuatio altera.

Signifikante Textpassagen erlauben einen exemplarischen Einblick in die Mechanismen des schwedisch-österreichischen Wissenstransfers im 18. Jahrhundert. In den programmatischen praefationes streicht der Grazer Physikprofessor die Bedeutung der Dissertationen hervor, begründet seine Auswahl und gibt der Hoffnung Ausdruck, dass seine Transferleistung die naturwissenschaftliche Forschung in seiner Heimat positiv beeinflussen wird. Als Editor stellt sich Biwald in den Dienst der Tradition Linnés. Seine Innovationsleistung besteht in der Abfassung von zum Teil sehr umfangreichen Kommentaren, die allen Dissertationen angeschlossen sind und die für ein schwedisches Publikum geschriebenen Ausgangstexte an die Lektüreerwartungen des mitteleuropäischen Zielpublikums anpassen. Biwalds Rolle bei der Vermittlung der Erkenntnisse Linnés ist nicht zu gering zu veranschlagen. Die Auswahlausgabe ist Biwalds einziges so groß angelegtes Editionsprojekt. Linné hat für ihn eine Sonderstellung. Wer Biwalds Wissenschaftsethos kennt, kann diese Tatsache nicht missdeuten.

Peter Roland Schwertsik

Schmalkaldener Straße 15

D- 80807 München

peter.schwertsik@campus.lmu.de

Die Erschaffung des heidnischen Götterhimmels in der Renaissance. Boccaccios réécriture der antiken Mythen in der Genealogia Deorum Gentilium

Giovanni Boccaccio entwickelt für seine Genealogia Deorum Gentilium (1350 – 1374) ein neuartiges literarisches Konzept: Er verwendet als erster Stammbäume für eine pagane Abhandlung und stellt diese den dreizehn genealogischen seiner fünfzehn Bücher voran. In der allegorischen Ausdeutung der antiken Mythen möchte sich Boccaccio auf das ursprüngliche Verständnis beschränken. Seine neue Zugangsweise zu den antiken Mythen reflektiert Boccaccio in den Proömien der einzelnen Bücher: Für die Erstellung seiner Sammlung der antiken Mythen gebraucht er die Metapher eines Seemannes auf der Fahrt über ein unbekanntes Meer und erinnert an die Kühnheit des Daedalus. Das Auflesen und Wiedervereinen der Fragmente des antiken Mythos zu einem neuen corpus vergleicht Boccaccio mit der Erschaffung des Menschen aus Schlamm durch Prometheus und der Heilung des zerstückelten Hippolytos durch Aesculapius. Neben der recht frühen editio princeps von 1472 belegen zahlreiche Handschriften (133) und (Post-) Inkunabeln (12) der lateinischen Originalfassung die Bedeutung des Genealogia. Sie erfuhr außerdem Übersetzungen in mehrere europäische Sprachen. Bis zur Veröffentlichung der mythographischen Abhandlungen von Lelius Gregorius Gyraldus (1511), Vincenzo Cartari (1556) und Natalis Comes (1567) war Boccaccios Genealogia zentrales Referenzwerk für die antike Mythologie, dessen Bedeutung spätestens ab dem 15. Jahrhundert diejenige der Metamorphosen Ovids und ihrer allegorischen Fassungen übertraf.

Margherita Sciancalepore

Piazza I Maggio, 8

Molfetta (Bari)

Italia

scian.margherit@libero.it

Il carteggio tra Pontano e il Panormita

L'intervento si propone di esaminare il legame personale e intellettuale che, sullo sfondo della Napoli aragonese nella seconda metà del XV secolo, ha unito Antonio Beccadelli e Giovanni Pontano. Forestieri alla corte italiana di un sovrano spagnolo, giunti nella capitale del regno di Alfonso dalla Sicilia e dall'Umbria, l'uno già all'apice del successo grazie alla fama ambigua e discorde dei versi licenziosi dell'Hermafroditus, l'altro invece appena agli inizi della sua carriera politica e poetica, il Panormita e Pontano sono stati i più attivi promotori del movimento umanistico meridionale e i primi animatori di quel cenacolo noto con il nome di Accademia alfonsina (poi pontaniana) che fu il cuore pulsante della vita culturale napoletana, sede di discussioni erudite aperte a tutti gli indirizzi e punto d'incontro della migliore intellighentia quattrocentesca. Attraverso una lettura approfondita della loro corrispondenza epistolare, si intende delineare il contesto pubblico e privato condiviso dai due umanisti, nonché definire il valore dell'eredità civile e morale affidata dall'anziano maestro al suo illustre discepolo.

Roswitha Simons

Universität Bonn

Griechische und Lateinische Philologie

Am Hof 1

D-53113 Bonn

rsimons@uni-bonn.de

Die Pfeile der Satire, Waffen der Nemesis: Die humanistische Satire zwischen Moralkritik und persönlichem Angriff

Anhand von Programmsatiren und anderen programmatischen Aussagen (praefationes, poetologische Schriften etc.) neulateinischer Satirendichter des 15.-17. Jahrhunderts (z.B. Corrarius, Filelfo, Dousa, Balde) soll untersucht werden, wie diese Autoren die Funktion ihrer Satirendichtung und zugleich die Grenzen satirischer Spitzen definieren und wie hierbei der Rückgriff auf antike Vorbilder zur Legitimierung des eigenen Konzeptes eingesetzt wird.

Denn in diesen Aussagen wird einerseits durchgängig der bereits in Horaz' Satire 2, 1 erhobene Vorwurf, die Satire sei allzu scharf und verletzend, thematisiert und zurückgewiesen, die Satire von (anderen) invektivischen Schriften abgegrenzt und mit ihrem moralischen Nutzen rechtfertigt. Andererseits ist festzustellen, daß die zur Charakterisierung der Satire verwendete Metaphorik ebenso wie die Selbststilisierung der humanistischen Satirendichter im Vergleich zu antiken Vorbildern deutlich aggressiver sind, daß im Gegensatz zu den Vorbildern Personen namentlich angegriffen und die Satire in persönlichen Streitigkeiten instrumentalisiert wird.

Nicol Sipekiová

Trnavská univerzita

Filozofická fakulta

Hornopotoèná 23.

918 43 Trnava

Slovak Republic

nicol.sipeki@gmail.com

Three virtues – purity, refinement and richness – of Latin language in Syntaxis ornata

The lexicographic-grammatical work Syntaxis ornata seu de tribus Latinae linguae virtutibus – puritate, elegantia, copia published in 1745 by Typis Academicis in Trnava deals with three virtues of Latin.- purity, refinement and the language richness. The attention is focused on the issues of the word and sentence purity on the background of vernacular languages (German, Hungarian and Slovak) of Hungary in the 18th century.

The paper emphasizes how - from the lexical and syntactical aspect of language - to avoid barbarisms and solecisms. On the basis of extensive lists existing in the book it is possible to compare analogies and differences of classical and neo-Latin syntactic structures (e. g. predominant usage of conjunction quod instead of ut and infinitive forms). This work also analyses the ways and possibilities of how to achieve elegance of Latin, which was one of the typical features of Latin language represented by Cicero, and the ability to express the same idea with variety and multiplicity.

Cajsa Sjöberg

Basungränd 3B

s-224 68 Lund

Sweden

cajsa.sjoberg@klass.lu.se

Kilian Stobaeus, an early authority in Carl Linnaeus' academic life. What do his lectures tell?

No doubt Kilian Stobaeus played an important role for the young Linnaeus during his time i Lund 1727-1728. Since the University of Lund at that time did not offer any teaching in Botanics, Stobaeus himself gave Linnaeus private lessons. Furthermore he let the young student live in his home and dwell in his private library and in his famous cabinet for curiosa and naturalia. In Linnaeus' letters to Stobaeus from the years after his stay in Lund, we find expressions for his thankfulness and for his respect for Stobaeus as a scientist. But to what extent did Stobaeus influence Linnaeus scientifically? The printed works by Stobaeus are few, mainly some dissertations under his presidium. In fact, he was far more known and appreciated as a lecturer than as a writer. Notes from Stobaeus' lectures have been found in a manuscript at the University Library of Lund, notes of great value in this context. My paper will deal with the contents of Stobaeus' lectures, with some of their scientific points of view, and with the scientific Neo-latin of the text.

Peter Sjökvist

Kålsängsgränd 4 C

SE- 753 19, Uppsala

peter.sjokvist@lingfil.uu.se

Natura hoc debuit uni – Latin texts on medals celebrating the Swedish king Charles X Gustav's march on the frozen Danish straits Lillebaelt and Storebaelt in 1658

When the Swedish army under Charles X Gustav had carried out the dangerous march on the ice of the Danish straits Lillebaelt and Storebaelt in 1658, a direct result was the favourable peace that was settled shortly afterwards. Thereby Denmark lost almost half of its territory to Sweden. But the march did not only decide the outcome of the war. In itself it was regarded as an outstanding achievement, evoking admiration from the entire contemporary Europe. It was also immeditately exploited by the Swedish propaganda. At least seven medals, containing both pictures and three different Latin texts, were coined in celebration and commemoration of the event. Their texts serve perfectly to demonstrate the interdependency of different arts and genres in propaganda at this time, as well as how quotations from classical authors were used within it. Above all they show how the king was made an object of typological associations; just as nature aided Moses when the Jewish people escaped from Egypt through the Red Sea, nature aided the virtuous Charles X Gustav and his army in the war against the Danes. The Swedes were the new chosen people!

Minna Skafte Jensen

Søndre alle 17

DK-2500 Valby

Interpretation of Neo-Latin Poetry: Some questions

Readers of Neo-Latin poetry invest a great amount of time in their search for models, ancient as well as contemporary, but often the learned parallels are put to limited use when it comes to interpretation. Probably one of the reasons is that the intertextuality at work in this kind of poetry is difficult to handle. Plagiarism? or learned allusion to admired predecessors? these and similar questions are in most cases complicated to answer and make for a thorny path towards understanding.

In general, Neo-Latin poetry has a bad reputation as composed by poetasters who were unable to think or express themselves in original ways. But since there is little reason to expect that the poets wanted to shake off the chains of tradition, for a historical reading the poems deserve the benefit of the doubt.

Some parameters of the investigation are textexternal, such as questions of the accessibility of the model to poet and public, others textinternal, such as questions of whether a possible allusion is marked in special ways.

The talk will discuss various ways towards a minimum of principles in interpretational procedures.

Anna Skolimowska

University of Warsaw

Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies "Artes Liberales"

PL-00-046 Warszawa

Nowy Œwiat 69

as@obta.uw.edu.pl

The culture code of the Bible in the Latin texts of Ioannes Dantiscus (1485-1548)

The Corpus of the Latin Texts of Ioannes Dantiscus, the humanist and diplomat in the service of Poland's King Sigismund I and Queen Bona Sforza, which is being put together at the University of Warsaw, Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies "Artes Liberales", offers an opportunity to study unpublished sources and take a more in-depth look at how and to what aim Dantiscus used the universal culture code of biblical texts.

The author believes it is also worth investigating the extent to which Dantiscus' texts (especially letters and poems) reflected new translations of the Bible into Latin, to mention the translation in Novum Instrumentum by Erasmus of Rotterdam (1st Ed. Basel 1516) with whom he had a correspondence friendship, or the paraphrase of the Book of Psalms by Jan van Campen (Psalmorum omnium iuxta Hebraicam veritatem paraphrastica interpretatio, autore Ioanne Campensi, — — Ioanni Dantisco Episcopo Culmensi etc. dedicata, 1st Ed. Cracow 1532), to which Dantiscus contributed as a patron of its writing and publication.

Karen Skovgaard-Petersen

The Danish Society for Language and Literature, Copenhagen

ksp@kb.dk

Humanist Learning and Enlightenment Ideals in Ludvig Holberg's Utopian Novel Niels Klim (1741)

In 1741 Ludvig Holberg published his entertaining and widely read utopian novel about the young theologian Niels Klim and his adventures in the underworld. Niels Klim becomes acquainted with a variety of diverse societies populated with surprising creatures (trees, monkeys, tigers etc), and he is time and again forced to acknowledge that the institutions and ways of living he is used to take for granted in Europe, are not necessarily the most sensible and certainly not the only ones possible. It is the basic message of the novel that civilisation is not a European monopoly, that we must all be ready to learn from the ways other peoples have organized their individual lives and their societies.

The novel is written in a lively, humanist Latin.Through allusions and quotations classical literature forms a constant presence, a resource of timeless wisdom adding extra layers of meaning and a means to articulate the appeal to the open mind that lies at the basis of the novel. At the same time Holberg throughout the novel ridicules what in his eyes was dry and futile antiquarian learning, incompatible with the new insights to be gained from the fact that the world had expanded and the European horizon widened. The paper will explore this tension in Holberg's novel between his deeply rooted humanist learning and his Enligthenment emphasis on the importance of questioning established beliefs.

Daniel Škoviera

Trnavská univerzita

Katedra klasických jazykov

Hornopotoèná 23

918 43 Trnava

skoviera@fphil.uniba.sk

Die prosimetrische Promotionsschrift Stoa vetus et nova

Zur Promotion der neuen Baccalaurei der Freien Künste und Philosophie erschien 1710 in der slowakischen Universitätsstadt Trnava (dt. Tirnau, ung. Nagyszombat) die prosimetrische Schrift Stoa nova et vetus. Dieses Werk ist sowohl in literarisch-technischer, als auch inhaltlicher Hinsicht bemerkenswert. Es ist dichotomisch komponiert und mit dem Motiv eines Traums umrahmt. Im Werk wird die Ethik der antiken Stoiker mit der Ethik der christianisierten neuen Stoa verglichen; diese wird letztendlich mit dem Jesuitenorden indentifiziert. Die Postulate der hohen Moral der alten Stoa werden durch die Gesetze und Praxis der neuen noch vervollkommnet. Als Verfasser der Schrift gilt Joannes Kazy (1686-1759), ein junger Jesuitenpater. Die fast 1000 Verse des Werkes sind in 24 Gedichte verteilt; in diesen benutzte der Autor 11 verschiedene Vers- oder Strophenformen. Es ist interessant zu verfolgen, in welchem Maß der poeta doctus die Ansprüche der Verstechnik mit denen der dichterischen Imagination und Kreativität vebinden konnte. Eine besonders wichtige Rolle fiel auch der ausgeprägten Intertextualität des Werkes zu. Darin spiegelte sich offensichtlich am besten das Bildungsniveau der Studierenden und der Lehrer der Tirnauer Universität wieder.

Aline Smeesters

24, avenue Albert-Elisabeth

1200 Bruxelles

Belgium

alinesmeesters@yahoo.fr

A Jesuit emblem book for a princely birth (1662)

During the seventeenth century, the numerous Jesuit colleges that covered all catholic Europe frequently took part in the glorification of the great events affecting the powerfull and reigning families : births, marriages, deaths, enthronements, victories… My paper will focus on a particular and original creation from the Cologne college : a Latin emblem book celebrating the birth of Maximilian Emanuel, future Elector of Bavaria, in 1662 (Dies natalis serenissimi infantis…). This book stands at the crossroad between two traditions: the emblematics and the genethliac poetry. The first one is a typical early modern genre launched by Alciato's Emblemata in 1531, while the second goes back to Antiquity (the most famous model being Virgil's fourth Eclogue), but was more broadly developed by the humanists. In my paper, I will try to define the stakes of this particularly interesting book on different levels : literary and artistic (with special attention paid to the classical and modern inspirations), but also pedagogical (since we are dealing with a college production), religious (since we are dealing with a Jesuit creation) and political (since we are dealing with a princely birth).

Violet Soen

Boulezlaan 74

8790 Waregem

violetsoen@gmail.com

Between Political Theory and Praxis: the Clementia Principis during the Dutch Revolt

Seneca's treatise De Clementia was widely spread during the sixteenth and early seventeenth century, after having been virtually unknown during the Middle Ages. After its first edition in Naples in 1475, leading thinkers such as Erasmus and Calvin edited the text. The interest however can not purely be reduced to philology nor humanism. Renaissance and Reformation questioned if the Prince should act as a Severe Judge or as a Good Shepherd towards religious dissidents and thus rebels. In fact, a great part of this reasoning was triggered by the extensive development of the sovereign right of pardon in the fifteenth and sixteenth century and which acquired a central role in state formation. Also during the Dutch Revolt, references and reflections on clemency were repeatedly made by policy makers. It was in this context that Justus Lipsius wrote his Politica with its stress on the clementia and that he later on commented Seneca's text in presence of the archdukes Albert and Isabel.

Katarína Šotkovská

Trnavská univerzita

Ktaedra klasických jazykov

Hornopotoèná 23

918 43 Trnava

ksotkovska@yahoo.com

The reception of the classical literature in the literary production of the Universitas Tyrnaviensis

The editorial activity of the Jesuit press was mostly motivated by the need of providing a quality lecture for the members of the order. Besides numerous editions of the ancient authors we find also works inspired by the classics of Latin and Greek literature. This paper attempts to analyze the output of the Trnava University Press with respect to the ancient tradition. The author will focus her views primarily on the works by classical authors and their editions, which were allowed by the Ratio studiorum. In the second part of the paper the author focuses her attention on the particular works by the authors active at the Trnava University and their classical models. The texts imitating the models of the most famous classical works as well as the texts, in which the classical tradition is reflected by the employment of the rhetoric figures and tropes, by its metrical form or by the linguistic structure of the text, will be given a special attention. At the end of the paper the author will attempt to point out the particular features using an example of a specific work and bring a comparison of their usage in it and in the classical texts.

Carl Springer

College of arts and sciences, dean's office

Southern Illinois University

Edwardsville

IL USA 62026-1608

casprin@siue.edu

Death and Immortality in Martin Luther's Latin Elegies

This paper examines how selected Latin poems of Martin Luther adopt and adapt the themes of death and immortality often associated with a traditional Greco-Latin literary form, the elegy.

Luther's views on the subject of mortality and immortality in his verse epitaph for his daughter Magdalena's tomb are explicitly Christian. He makes it clear that he believes that his "sleeping" daughter will live after death in heaven "with the saints," because she has been redeemed by Christ's blood. Others of Luther's elegies, by contrast, are more ambiguous on this point, as, for instance, the poem he wrote about his own death near the end of his life (1545). In it he speaks of his continued existence after death, but its seems clear that he is not referring to eternal life in heaven, but rather to the survival of the Reformation movement which will continue to mortify the papacy even after Luther himself has died.

I argue that while Luther's Christian views of death and life after death thorougly inform some of his Neo-Latin elegies, others reflect the pagan idea of immortality gained through fame, in particular, the continued influence of one's literary work after death.

Caterina Squillace

Università Jagellonica di Cracovia

caterinasquillace@yahoo.it

Ricezione della trattatistica umanistica in area rutena: il caso di Feofan Prokopoviè

L'intervento e' volto a presentare una delle figure piu' significative della rinascita culturale in area rutena a cavallo fra il XVII e il XVIII secolo: si tratta di Feofan Prokopoviè, rettore del maggior centro di sapere del tempo, la Accademia Mogiliana di Kiev e in seguito consigliere di Pietro il Grande. Feofan aveva avuto una formazione prettamente umanistica: aveva studiato a Cracovia e poi al Collegio Gesuita di Roma, venendo a contatto con il patrimonio culturale classico e umanistico. Ritornato in patria scrisse due trattati, il "De arte Poetica" e il "De arte Rethorica" in cui egli cerca di adeguare i modelli umanistici (in particolare quelli di Scaligero e Pontano), alle esigenze pratiche connesse con l'insegnamento presso la succitata Accademia e alle peculiarità della cultura slava ortodossa, che stava allora vivendo un momento di sviluppo particolarmente intenso, anche grazie al contatto e al confronto con la cultura di area latina.

Piet Steenbakkers

Department of Philosophy, Utrecht University

PO Box 80126

3508 CS Utrecht

The Netherlands

Piet.Steenbakkers@phil.uu.nl

Spinoza as a textual critic: the interpretation of the Bible in the Tractatus theologico-politicus

Though Benedictus de Spinoza owes his fame as a philosopher to his Ethica (1677), his contemporaries knew him virtually only as the author of the infamous Tractatus theologico-politicus (1670). His excommunication from the Amsterdam synagogue in 1656, the elaboration of his own philosophical system and his relations with heterodox Christian Cartesians all contributed to his uniquely detached position, one that allowed him to question the received opinions about 'the word of God' in a profound and radical way, unequalled by any of his predecessors or contemporaries. In spite of the influence commonly attributed to Spinoza's Bible criticism, it has so far received no sustained historical and critical analysis. Since I am involved in developing a research project on the impact of Bible criticism in the seventeenth century, I would like to take this opportunity to explore the philological aspects of Spinoza's biblical scholarship. His approach to the Bible is firmly grounded in the humanistic tradition of Lorenzo Valla and Desiderius Erasmus: the Bible is a text, and it should be handled with the same tools as classical texts.

Lav Subaric

University of Innsbruck

Innrain 52

A-6020 Innsbruck

lav.subaric@uibk.ac.at

Iason Maynus Orator - The Speeches and Letters of a Law Professor

Iason Maynus (Giasone del Maino, 1435-1519) was a professor of law at the universities of Pavia, Padua and Pisa. At his times he was considered as a probably highest authority for the questions of Roman law. The high esteem for his works did not stop with his death, as witnessed by numerous editions of his commentaries even in seventeenth century.

While the posterity was mostly interested in his juridic works, for his contemporaries Mayno was at least just as well known as a brilliant orator and a master of Latin style.

Maynus was often used in diplomatic missions by Lodovico Sforza. In his impressive speeches he delivered important programmatic political messages (e.g. at the wedding of Maximilian and Bianca Maria Sforza). He also phrased the diplomatic correspondance (e.g. for the Genuese). His prolusiones and the dedicatory epistles of his works show his views of the role of an intellectual in the society and of the relationship between the ruler and the world of learning.

I intend to shed light on some aspects of his epistolographic and oratory works, e.g. the interplay between innovative and traditional elements.

György Szabados

Hungary – 2089

Telki, Orgona u. 1030/8.

dr.szabados.gyorgy@gmail.com

The yearbook as a genre of the Hungarian Jesuit historiography in the 17th–18th centuries

Although the genre of the yearbook (annales) was a widespread genre of the European medieval historiography, in Hungary there is only one example for it from this period, called Annales Posonienses, because the leading genres were the gesta and chronicle. This form got its leading role in Hungary in the age of the Counter-Reformation by the reception of the Western-European writing method elaborated by Caesar Baronius. This reinterpretated form of the medieval heritage inspired the greatest scientifical development of Hungary. Menyhért Inchofer SJ was the first Hungarian, who followed Baronius. His work remained in torso, but his successors in the 18th century fullfilled his heritage. Samuel Timon SJ, György Pray SJ, István Katona SJ – this three historians by the systematic collections of the sources their yearbooks contained higher and higher quality and led to the scientific historiography (with rich data-base and source-criticism). So because the Jesuits played the leading role in making of the historical science in the 18th century of Hungary, and their works were consequently written in Latin, the re-thinking the genre of the yearbook by their innovations brought the one of the most precious chapters of the Hungarian and the universal Neo-Latin culture.

Hanna Szabelska

ZWYCIESTWA 2/1

31-563 CRACOW

POLAND

angelia@op.pl

Reflections in a Mirror of Mind: The Theoretical Basis for Renaissance Bilingualism

In a monograph, English Literature and Ancient Languages, Kenneth Haynes enters into dialogue with Ann Moss's views on Montaigne's bilingualism. In her paper, "Being in Two Minds: The Bilingual Factor in Renaissance Writing," presented during the Congress of Neo-Latin Studies in Copenhagen in 1991, she suggests that the capacity for referring to Latin as his maternal language enabled Montaigne to have access to different sets of notions and consequently to speak from the position of ancient culture. According to Haynes, Moss's reading is anachronistic since "the notion that languages embody unique conceptual schemes is a Romantic view of language".

The aim of this paper is to show that linguistic theories of Aristotelian provenance allow not only for universal mental language or speculative grammar, but also for differences between semantic deep structures of various languages (among them different Latin tongues). To prove this, we can draw on considerable textual support (Boethius, Ammonios). The flexibility of Aristotelian linguistic scaffolding seems to have stimulated some humanists' and scholastics' habit of switching from humanist to scholastic Latin (e.g. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, William Zenders or Johannes de Stobnica).

This analysis is also to complement the arguments adduced in Monfasani –Waswo controversy concerning Lorenzo Valla's linguistic views.

László Szörényi

H-1118 Budapest

Ménesi út 11-13.

Institute for Litterary Studies

Budapest, Hungary

szorenyi@iti.mta.hu, mohl@iti.mta.hu

Tradizione e rinnovamento nella poesia di Pál Makó

Pál Makó (1723–1793) gesuita ungherese (dopo lo scogliamento dell' Ordine divenne canonico e abate) fu uno dei più famosi matematici e fisici dell'epoca, professore universitario, ma anche poeta. Le sue opere latine meritano di essere ricordate e studiate.

Vorrei presentare ed analizzare il primo volume di Makó, pubblicato a Nagyszombat (Trnava) col titolo Elegiarum liber unicus (1742). In questo volume il Makó parla anche dei suoi modelli e dei suoi poeti preferiti, sui temi delle sue imitazioni poetiche: sugli autori antichi, sui poeti gesuiti, come i poeti dei Paesi Bassi, Hosschius, Becanus, e Wallius, i tedeschi Meyer e Hugo, gli ungheresi Schez, Adányi (suo amico personale) e Friz, il polacco Sarbievius. Ma tra i suoi poeti preferiti ci troviamo pure dei protestanti come Lotichius. Conosce pure i poeti moderni, tra questi il Corneille, il Metastasio ed il ungherese Gyöngyösi, principe della poesia ungherese di fine Seicento. Fu il Makó il primo poeta neolatino il quale si interessava anche per la poesia ungherese in madrelingua. Uno dei risultati delle sue letture neoclassiche francesi si manifesta anche nella sua poesia quando riesce ad amalgamare in un genere l'elegia di lamento, l'epistola familiare e la poesia didascalica.

Ibolya Tar

Seminar für Klassische Philologie, Universität Szeged

H – 6722 Szeged Egyetem u. 2.

tar@antiq.u-szeged.hu

Janus Pannonius' Klagelied an Racacinus

Unter den in Italien geschriebenen Elegien von Janus Panonius befindet sich die Klageelegie "Threnos in Racacinum cubicularium". Der Anlass ist sehr persönlich: ein dem Dichter nahe stehender junger Mann ist gestorben. Dies wird aber nicht nur an die subjektiven Gefühle konzentrierend in Worte gefasst – wie z. B. Catulls c. 101 -, sondern mit vielen mythologischen Bildern bereichert formuliert. Die ganze Elegie bezeugt tiefe Kenntsnis der antiken Mythologie und solcher Dichter wie Catull, Ovid, Properz. Die zum Tod seines Bruders geschriebenen Gedichte des Catull, die dichten mythologischen Bilder des Properz, die Art der Handhabung des mythologischen Stoffes bei Ovid (sowohl in den Metamorphosen als in den Fasti) schimmern in dieser Elegie durch. Diese mehrzweigige Tradition wird in der Elegie zu einem neuen Ganzen vereint, durch Allusionen betont, aber trotz der Einbeziehung des antiken Materials und Kulturgutes ist das Gedicht zugleich Zeugnis von moderner Literaturauffassung und Spiegel von einer gegenüber der antiken mehr mittelbarer menschlichen Beziehung.

Éva Teiszler

1191. Budapest

József Attila U. 57-63. B. 4/65.

Hungary

teiszler@gmail.com

Matthias Corvinus und die lateinische Quellenwerk des 15. Jahrhunderts in Ungarn

Die Darstellung vorstellt, wie die lateinische Quellenwerk beschrieb, die in Ungarn in der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts auftretetete, über den ungarischen renaissancen König Matthias Corvinus (1458-1490). Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung stehen zu allererst die längeren erzählenden Quellenwerke, zum Beispiel Schrifte von Antonio Bonfini, Petrus Ransanus, Johannes de Thurócz, Galeotto Marzio, oder von der wenigeren bekannten ungarischen Quellenwerk: Chronica Dubniciensis. Der Sprecher vergleicht die persönlichen Bekanntschäfte und Verhältnisse des Autores mit dem König und mit seiner unmittelbarer Umwelt. Untersucht, welche Gefühlte tragen die Schreiber gegen Matthias Corvinus, und was für ein Bild (Meinung) machen sie sich von König. Die Darstellung beschäftigt sich auch mit sprachlichen Instrumenten des Autors, ob das Gebrauch der früherer Werke erforsichlich ist, oder die Kenntnis der Schrifte einanders in seinem Werk, und was für eine volksmässige Motive finden in die Texte. Die Darstellung stellt auch eine typische ungarische Eigenschaft vor: die Praktik des Einbauens der Urkunden in die erzählende Quellenwerk.

Nikolaus Thurn

Institut für Griechische und Lat. Philologie

Habelschwerdter Allee 45

D-14195 Berlin

nikolaus.thurn@web.de

Nathan Chytraeus' Rezeption volkssprachlicher Formen und Inhalte

Nathan Chytraeus (1543-1598) ist einer der herausragenden Repräsentanten neulateinischer Dichtung aus dem protestantischen Deutschland der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jh.s. Bekannt sind auch seine Verdienste um die deutsche, vor allem die niederdeutsche Sprache: als Herausgeber des Lübecker Totentanzes, als Übersetzer aus dem Italienischen (Giovanni della Casas Galateo) und Verfasser des Nomenclator (eines lateinisch-deutschen Glossars). Bisher im Großen und Ganzen vernachlässigt wurde dagegen seine Rolle als Transformator deutscher Texte und deutscher Literatur ins Lateinische, und damit seine, zumindest potentiell europäische Vermittlerrolle der deutschen Literatur und ihrer Gattungen. Der Beitrag soll sich diesem Aspekt seines Schaffens widmen, insofern er sich in den siebzehn Büchern der zu seinen Lebzeiten herausgegebenen Poemata erkennen läßt. Aus Lob und Tadel deutschsprachiger Werke, aus in seinen Gedichten eingestreuten Zitaten und schließlich aus kreativer Nachschöpfung lässt sich ein Bild gewinnen, welche Bewertung die im 16. Jh. bekannte, volkssprachliche Literatur durch Chytraeus erfahren hat, welche Wirkung diese auf die poetischen Formen der an der Antike orientierten Literatur ausübte, und schließlich, inwieweit Chytraeus als typisch, inwieweit er als atypisch für eine, im protestantischen Norden Deutschlands und unter dem Einfluß Melanchthons stehende Universitätskultur (insbesondere der Hansestadt Rostock) gelten kann.

Stefan Tilg

Corpus Christi College

Oxford

stefan.tilg@ccc.ox.ac.uk

Anton Wilhelm Ertl's Austriana Regina Arabiae (1687): A Little Known Latin Novel

In 1687, the Bavarian lawyer A.W. Ertl (1654–1715) dedicated an unusual work to the then nine years old archduke Joseph I. (1678–1711), the later Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Little Joseph would read in it of the misery of Austriana, the Queen of Arabia, who is exiled from her kingdom through the machinations and warfare of her erotic rival, the Babylonian queen Altomira, experiences many adventures and hardships by land and by sea, and finally regains her place as queen at the side of her brave husband Aurindus. Ertl's novel – inspired particularly by Heliodorus and Barclay – is simple enough in language and narrative to be understood by a child, but in the wake of the Battle of Vienna (1683), which gave the Great Turkish War in Europe its decisive turn, he also added a political allegory to his story. It saw a second edition in 1717 and a German translation in 1723. This paper, the first study of the novel ever, presents a preliminary account of its content and contexts, which will hopefully lead on to a commented edition.

Ms. Nienke Tjoelker

Dept. of Classics

University College

Cork.

n.tjoelker@ucc.ie

John Lynch's Latin in the Alithinologia (1664)

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Latin of the Irishman John Lynch in his Alithinologia (1664). Lynch was born in Galway, where he attended Alexander Lynch's school. He was further educated by the Jesuits in France.

A controversy arising in the 17th century between contemporaries as to the causes and circumstances of the failure of the Confederation of Kilkenny provides the teme of the Alithinologia. John Lynch gives in this work a defense of the political and religious character of the Old English in order to refute a memorandum submitted to the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide by the Irish Capuchin Richard O'Ferrall, which was the subject of angry discussion in Irish circles all over Europe.

Analysis of the vocabulary and syntax of Lynch's Latin shows a style that can be described as ecclectic and moderately Ciceronian, borrowing widely from a.o. early Christian texts and Plautus. Lynch's Latin style should be seen in the context of the contemporary tradition of political debate and invective.

Gilbert Tournoy

Seminarium Philologiae Humanisticae

Blijde-Inkomststr. 21

B-3000 Leuven

gilbert.tournoy@arts.kuleuven.be

The Institutio Principis Christiani of Erasmus and its First French Translation

This paper will study of Erasmus's Institutio Principis Christiani and its first complete French translation, dedicated by the Lyonese notary public Benoît du Troncy to Charles Emmanuel of Savoye, Duke of Nemours (1567-1595). This translation, published by Jean Pillehotte at Lyon in 1592, is recorded by Baudrier in his Bibliographie lyonnaise, II, 323, but there it was not identified as a translation of Erasmus's treatise and Baudrier was not able to retrieve a copy.

It is our aim to compare this translation with the original text as well as with the some earlier but incomplete French versions: – the Petit livre précieux comme l'or, dit l'neseignement du Prince chrestien (1546) by Jean Leblond, parish priest from Branville, – the anonymous Epithome ou sommaire du traicte Derasme de Roterdam (1553/54) which until now only is to be read in manuscript, – and with the later one, the Codicille d'or by Claude Joly (1642, but first published 1665).

We shall examine the method of the translator and try to establish in how far Erasmus's political views were taken over by him.

Dr. Grażyna Urban-Godziek

Chair of History of Old-Polish Literature

Faculty of Polish Studies

Jagiellonian University

31-007 Krakow

ul. Golebia 18, Poland

Private address: pl. Inwalidow 4/1, 30-033 Krakow, Poland

grazyna.urban-godziek@uj.edu.pl

De consolatione somni. Three Ways of Conquering Love Torments Inspired by Petrarch's Canzona 359. Giovanni Pontano (1429–1503), Janus Secundus (1511–1536), Jan Kochanowski (1525–1584)

It was only in the expanse of dream that the heroes of Petrarch's Canzoniere met each other. The appearance of Laura's ghost in the successive sonnets and subsequently in canzone 359, a crucial one for the cycle, prepares the final consolation and conversion of Francesco. This poem constituted the source of a popular funeral poetry motive of consolation. Even though the meetings of Laura and Francesco had a mystic, spiritual character he was always seeking out the corporality of the apparition.

After some time the motive of consolation evolved into anti-Petrarcian poetry becoming an element of a sophisticated literary erotic game, which was very popular especially in Baroque poetry. I would like to point to the various ways of using the dreamy erotic consolation motive in the writings of three Latin Renaissance poets (Pontano, Eridanus II 1, Secundus, elegy I 10, Kochanowski elegies II 4, 10, 11). Each of them was an eminent figure for his specific cultural background. Although Petrarch's poetry influenced their writings in different ways for each one of them it constituted an important reference point. They spread the ideas and style of vernacular Petrarch in their Latin poetry, for it subsequently to be introduced into their national languages through the creativity of their imitators.

Piotr Urbañski

Juranda 8

PL 71-156 Szczecin

piotr.urbanski@univ.szczecin.pl

Latin Translation of the "Pastor Fido" by J. V. Winther (Stettin 1607)

The marriage of the prince Philip II with the Holstein princess Sophie on the 10th of March 1607 was added splendour by staging Jurgen Valentinius Winther's Latin translation of the Italian masterpiece Il Pastor Fido by Battista Guarini. In the preface to the drama, its translator, the courtier and poet at the same time, emphasises the fact that, while creating his own version, he imitated Guarini, who staged his pastoral drama on the occasion of the wedding of the Savoy prince Charles Emmanuel. The performance – as he writes – should be a spiritual meal, but must be Latin, at the same time, 'Lingua enim Latina communis omnibus'. His text was enriched by the prologue spoken by the Oder River, as well as by the final chorus of the nymphs enumerating the virtues of the newly-wed and presenting their principality as the land of Arcadia. Similar ideas can be found in the original of Il Pastor Fido (1590, staged in 1595). The decision to translate it into Latin must be seen as a proof of the linguistic attempts and experiments of the author from Stettin. Moreover, it is probably the only Latin version, besides many others in the vernacular languages: Polish four ones!) and the German ones, done after Winther's translation (Eliger Mannlich 1619, Statius Ackermann 1636, Hofmann von Hofmannswaldau 1652, Assman von Abschatz 1672). The popularity and significance of this text may be well attested by the fact that Georg Friederich Haendel's opera was also based upon it.

Mgr. Marta Vaculinova

National Museum Library Prague

Dpt. of Manuscripts and Old Prints

Vaclavske nam. 68

CZ - 115 79 Praha 1

Czech Republic

marta_vaculinova@nm.cz

Gustav Adolf, the King of Sweden, in the Latin Poetry of Czech Humanists

The histories of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the lands of Northern Europe came into contact for a longer time during the Thirty Years War. The Latin poetry of that period written by Czech and Moravian humanists reflected the political circumstances and the agitated situation in Europe. Latin poetry of that time can be distinguished into the domestic, composed mainly by catholic authors and the foreign, written mainly by exiles of non-Catholic persuasions. Gustav Adolf, the king of Sweden, has besides the Danish king Christian an important place in the writings of exiles and in their occasional poetry. Their hopes lay in him and he symbolises their expectation of the peaceful return to the mother land. After his death in a battle, there originated poetical laments by Bohemian authors. As well as the main characteristics of selected poems, we will examine the inspiration by the poetry of the late antiquity. We will also use the contemporary Czech poems dedicated to Ferdinand II. for comparison of the images of both kings in the occasional poetry.

Sebastiano Valerio

Via Casalino 35

70019 TRIGGIANO - ITALY

s.valerio@unifg.it

Il De principe di Aulo Giano Anisio

Pubblicata nel 1536, la satira De principe dell'umanista napoletano Aulo Giano Anisio deve essere ricondotta sicuramente ad un periodo precedente. Dedicata al nobiluomo Traiano Cavaniglia (1477-1528), la satira risale presumibilmente ad un periodo, seguito alle guerre d'Italia, nel quale più urgente e difficile si faceva la ricerca di una appropriata definizione delle virtù principesche. In oltre ottocento esametri Anisio propone un'immagine del principe che affonda le radici in una tradizione umanistica, con espliciti richiami ai modelli offerti da Seneca nel De clementia e dalla Ciropedia. Il difficile trapianto di quel modello nell'Italia del primo Cinquecento è ben evidenziato dall'idea che il principe debba essere ordinatore di una realtà dominata dalla malvagità e dall'irrazionalità e dall'accenno alle guerre e alle carestie ad esse conseguenti che hanno minato la felicità e reso le generazioni più giovani indegne di quelle dei padri. Di qui la necessità di riproporre, in maniera analitica, quel catalogo di virtù che aveva caratterizzato l'institutio principis nell'età dell'umanesimo, specie a Napoli, con una fede tutta umanistica nella forza dell'educazione

Juan J. Valverde Abril

c/ María Teresa León, 11, esc. 7, 1° D

E-18013 Granada (SPAIN)

Universidad de Granada

Facultad de Filosofía y Letras

Departamento de Filología Latina

Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n

E-18071 Granada (SPAIN)

jjvalverde@ugr.es

Fray Luis de Granada, la Collectanea moralis philosophiae y Erasmo

Es evidente que fray Luis de Granada se sirvió en alguna medida de trabajos anteriores de Erasmo para componer su Collectanea moralis philosophiae (1571). El primer tomo de dicha obra recoge sentencias de Séneca, y bajo el nombre de Erasmo circulaba una antología con el nombre de Flores Senecae (1528); para el tomo segundo, dedicado a Plutarco, fray Luis utilizó, aunque no exclusivamente, las traducciones latinas que Erasmo hizo de dicho autor; por último, el tercer tomo recoge sentencias de otros conocidos filósofos morales, entre las que se incluyen algunas procedentes de los Apophthegmata. Sin embargo, parece que la concepción de la obra luisiana parte de un intento de polemizar con el legado erasmiano. Y ello por dos motivos: primero, porque Fray Luis prefiere ordenar las sentencias por lugares comunes, y no seguir el orden del original, como Erasmo había hecho en su antología de Séneca; y, segundo, porque cambia la perspectiva desde la que se leen esas obras morales: el interés filológico que motiva al de Rótterdam en su lectura de los clásicos queda supeditado en fray Luis a la consideración de las sentencias como recurso estilístico dentro de la oratoria eclesiástica y a la función moralizante de las mismas.

Pieta van Beek

Research Associate

University of Stellenbosch

Affiliated Researcher

Utrecht University

pieta.vanbeek@let.uu.nl, pvb@sun.ac.za

Habent sua fata libelli: the adventures and influence of the Opuscula Hebraea Graeca Latina et Gallica and other works by Anna Maria Van Schurman in Scandinavia.

The adventures of the works of Anna Maria van Schurman and their influence in Scandinavia are explored. She is the renowned female Dutch scholar, well known for her Opuscula Hebraea Graeca Latina et Gallica, which attracted a lot of attention (1648) in Europe and was reprinted several times. Van Schurman corresponded with most European scholars in the Republic of Letters. We do not know much about her scholarly contacts in Scandinavia. After hunting Van Schurman's books and manuscripts - apparently typical examples of classical humanistic Dutch heritage- in several Scandinavian libraries, and using the traces of their owners and users, it is possible to say more about the distribution and provenances of the book.

Her influence on and interaction with the networks she had on the Nordic Res Publica Litteraria are not as well-known as on the European. Van Schurman is an early, vigorous example of the scholarship in which the urgent issues of Western thought would be re-evaluated. While remaining part of the scholastic tradition, her revolutionary ideas impacted on scholars in Scandinavia as well. My conclusions are that Scandinavian scholarship was well integrated into Europe during the seventeenth century and that not only theologians and natural philosophers but also women were equally responsible.

Harm-Jan van Dam

Vrije Universiteit

Fac. der Letteren

GLTC

De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV

Amsterdam

hj.van.dam@let.vu.nl

A dead ape in the woods. Poetry and practice in Daniel Heinsius' Silvae

During the long career of Daniel Heinsius (1580-1655), scholar and one of Europe's foremost Latin poets, nine editions of his verse appeared. Almost all were heavily revised by the poet himself, who added, removed and transposed lines, poems and books. In this process his books of Silvae gradually moved forward until they opened the volume. Heinsius' use of the title Silvae and his choice of its contents signified a poetical statement. The theory and poetics of the Neolatin silva have received much scholarly attention in recent years. In the proposed paper I will first examine the position of Heinsius' Silvae, with reference to his predecessors, his own theoretical statements and his other occasional poems. Then I will focus on one poem of the Silvae, the epicedium on an ape for his friend Petrus Scriverius (1576-1660), the addressee of Heinsius' lyrical volume Monobiblos and the editor of part of his Dutch poetry. After discussing the poem's historical and literary context, and its ancient and neolatin examples, I will try to link the results to Heinsius' theory and practice in his Silvae.

Toon Van Hal

K.U. Leuven, Faculty of Arts

Blijde Inkomststraat 21 - bus 3316

B-3000 Leuven, België

Tel. +32 (0)16/ 32.49.12

toon.vanhal@arts.kuleuven.be

'Celtic' Linguistics in Continental Renaissance Europe

Celtic studies in the early modern period were hampered by scarcity of data and contradictory evidence: the earliest major texts in Irish and Welsh were not available to scholars outside the Celtic-speaking lands, methods for the systematic study of material evidence such as Celtic artefacts had yet to be developed, and the testimonies of classical sources were not always consistent with each other. So, Celtic culture always ran the risk of falling victim either to oblivion or to ideological manipulation. The aim of this contribution is to outline the Late Humanist treatment of the Celtic linguistic heritage. More particularly, the paper will concentrate on the compilation of a corpus of 'Celtic' words, which humanist scholars collected from ancient historical texts. It will trace the ultimate origin of this word list, and will then survey its frequent reappearances in humanist treatises. Finally, it will investigate how some of these scholars (e.g. Paullus Merula, Johannes Isacius Pontanus, Philippus Cluverius and Olivarius Vredius) made use of this linguistic material to corroborate their own views on history, which were mostly ideologically coloured.

Toon Van Houdt

Faculty of Arts (06.11), K.U.Leuven

P.O.B. 33, Blijde-Inkomststraat 21

B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

Toon.Vanhoudt@arts.kuleuven.be

From Jesuit Ethics to Protestant Natural Law: Johan Ihre and Hieremias Drexel's Moral Treatise on the Vices of the Tongue

In early modern times, serious attempts were made in both Catholic and Protestant countries to regulate the use of speech in daily life. The disciplinary work executed by civil, ecclesiastical, and pedagogical authorities alike was supported by intellectuals who, following a tradition which ultimately goes back to biblical and Greco-Roman antiquity, compiled long lists of abuses of the tongue. One of the most popular and influential catalogues was drawn up in 1629 by the Bavarian Jesuit Hieremias Drexel (1581-1638): his emblem book Orbis Phaëthon, which was reprinted time and again in the course of the seventeenth century, contains an alphabetical list of dozens of vices of the tongue. Interestingly enough, his work lies at the basis of two academic dissertations written in 1742 by – or under the supervision of – Johan Ihre (1707-1780), professor Skytteanus at the university of Uppsala.

In the proposed paper, I would like to engage in a thorough intertextual analysis of Ihre's treatises on the vices and remedies of the tongue. First of all, I will try to show how Ihre (or his student Carolus Magnus Roos) systematically but selectively pillaged Drexel's emblem book and adroitly turned his quintessentially Jesuit moral viewpoints into a brilliant exercise in Protestant natural law ethics. Second, I will try to situate the dissertations in the larger context of the academic debate about ethics and speech which took place in Sweden in the first half of the eighteenth century – a debate in which Ihre played a prominent role.

Moniek van Oosterhout

Huygens Institute, The Hague

Department of Classics

Raboud University Nijmegen

m.v.oosterhout@let.ru.nl

'Conspicilia Batavica, Brillen, Brillen' A play in Latin and Dutch without spectacles

This paper is about a burlesque play that is written in Neo-Latin and Dutch and which bears the title Conspicilia Batavica, Brillen, Brillen, pro doctoribus Vallis Umbrosae [s.l.]. The author of the play used the pseudonym Gommarus Muysenhol and it is printed by the unknown Arminius Bockhorinc and Janus Rutgersius, who is assumed to be the playwright. The play does not seem to be about spectacles, as the title would have it. Wine and food are however plentiful. The personages are a mixture of (historical) personages such as a cook and the Leiden Professor Dominicus Baudius and personalised notions such as Vanity and Drunkenness. Dutch and Neo-Latin verses of nine syllables at most are alternated. The Latin is supposed to be scanned like the Dutch iambic verses and the verse ends are made to rhyme. Such a use of the stately Latin language combined with the farcical content of the play will have yielded a pleasant read for a reader who knew the Leiden University circles.

Demmy Verbeke

University of Warwick

Centre for the Study of the Renaissance

H453

Coventry CV4 7AL

U.K.

D.R.Verbeke@warwick.ac.uk

The position of Latin in polyglot "English" books

When one considers "English" book production from 1475 until 1640 (as it is listed in the Short Title Catalogue of English Books), it is striking to find how many of these publications contain several languages. This paper investigates the position of Latin in these books, known as – to use the definitions of J.N. Adams – multilingual (i.e. texts with parallel versions in different languages of the same or similar material) or mixed-language (i.e. documents which embody changes of language within one and the same text) editions. I will analyse the presence and use of Latin in several publications taken from different genres, such as John Colet's Aeditio (first published in 1527; also known as "Lily's Grammar"), William Alley's Ptochomuseion (1565), Theodore de Bèze's Ad serenissimam Elizabetham (1588), Georgette de Montenay's Monumenta emblematum (1619), and The English, Latine, French, Dutch Schole-master (1637). This analysis will thus shed new light on the complex relationship between Latin and the vernacular in Renaissance England.

This paper forms part of the special session Nupta aut Domina? Latin and the vernacular in Renaissance England.

Dr. Michiel Verweij

Handschriftenkabinet - Cabinet des Manuscrits

Koninklijke Bibliotheek van België - Bibliothèque royale de Belgique

Keizerslaan 4 Boulevard de l'Empereur

B-1000 Brussel / Bruxelles

Belgium

michiel.verweij@kbr.be

Cornelius Schonaeus: dramatising the undramatic. Dramatical techniques in the Christian Terence

Known as the Christian Terence, Cornelius Schonaeus (1541-1611) published in all 17 plays characteristic for school drama. In these plays, he combined wonderful classical (essentially Terentian) language and diction with a biblical content. For some reason, he focused mainly on stories that are not always equally dramatic or apt to being dramatised. It is the aim of this paper to focus on one of the techniques he used to adapt his story to the stage: the use of character to construct his plays. In line with his model Terence, Schonaeus tries to construct some personages who serve as unifying elements in his plays. Where in the Bible, many persons do not have much dramatic character, Schonaeus tries to develop them. Various examples from the Tobaeus, the Saulus conversus and the Iosephus will illustrate this process. It will be seen that as an author, Schonaeus is halfway between the earlier Netherlandish school drama of Macropedius and Gnapheus, and the more Seneca orientated drama of Lummenaeus and his contemporaries.

Dr. Laszlo Veszpremy

Institute of Military History

H-1014 Budapest Kapisztran ter 2-4 Hungary

Central European University.

Dept. of Medieval Studies, visiting prof.

1054 Budapest Nador u. 9.

Home: 1114 Budapest

Ulaszlo u. 13.

Veszprem@ceu.hu

Telling and Retelling of Early History between the Middle Ages and the 18th Century: the Hungarian Raids

The memory of the Hungarian raids (899-973) to Western Europe survived in Latin historiographical sources of contemporary times, like the chronicles of Regino, Liudprand and Widukind and in several annals, which all influenced and stimulated the emerging Latin historiographical activity between the 12th and 13th centuries. The humanist writers partly in Hungary, like Antonio Bonfini, and partly in Germany, like Aventinus (Johannes Turmair) not only stylistically reworked the inherited medieval sources, but critically revised the material, made additions to it, and in many cases tried to focus on its authenticity. In the main humanist historical works a highly interesting mixture of sources can be analyzed, that poses questions even in modern historical disputes. In the 17th-18th centuries during the birth of early modern critical historiography once again with fresh look the original medieval/humanist material was retold, that forms even today the basic frame of our orientation about this period (cf. Johannes Nadanyi, Florus Hungaricus… Amsterdam, 1663. Matthias Bél, Notitia Hungariae, Wien, 1735; Georgius Pray, Annales veteres Hvnnorvm …Wien, 1761 etc.). The use of a coherent and critical analysis of Latin sources on Hungarian history covering almost 8-9 centuries is quite new, due to a contempt for humanist and early modern – mostly ecclesiastical- historical writing.

Francesco Villani

Hämeentie 52 a 6 00500

Helsinki, Finland

frvillan@jyu.fi

Claude de Saumaise as a reader, readers of Claude de Saumaise: the De re militari Romanorum (1657)

Claude de Saumaise started to write his wide historical synthesis of the Roman art of war (De re militari Romanorum) right after his arrival in Leiden (1631). After ample discussions on the historical development of Roman arms, war tactics, and Byzantine works on the same subject in his letters to other classical scholars he finished his work in 1653.

This work, based on a wide range of classical sources, belongs to the Renaissance tradition of De re militari works. However, the author makes but limited, and very critical, use of Byzantine sources. Saumaise's criticism should be seen against the background of the considerable and evident influence of Aelian and Leo the Emperor on Maurice of Nassau, reformer of the army of the United Provinces.

This paper will discuss Saumaise's references to Greek and Byzantine military authors in the De re militari in the light of his hand-written notes entered in manuscripts of Greek a and Latin treatises of war on the one hand, and comments in his letters on the other. A preliminary overview of the Northern European readership of the De re militari Romanorum will complement the picture.

Joseph Wallace

Department of English and Comparative Literature

Greenlaw Hall, CB #3520

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

United States of America

jswallac@email.unc.edu

Astrology and Politics in John Selden's edition of the Marmora Arundelliana

In 1628 the English polymath John Selden (1584–1654) produced a work of classical scholarship that commented on ancient Greek marble inscriptions in the collection of the earl of Arundel. The inscriptions contained a treaty between two cities in the Seleucid Empire in Asia Minor dating from the period of the third Syrian War (246–241 BC). This paper focuses on Selden's discussion of the Greek phrase "᾿Αγαθὴ τύχη" [Good Fortune] in his Latin commentary on the treaty. Selden evaluates the phrase in terms of ancient and contemporary notions of astrology and elucidates the relationship of fortune and politics in Hellenistic society. This commentary is one of the first in the history of classical scholarship to devote serious attention to the intellectual and political world of the Hellenistic period. And indeed, the distinctly Hellenistic mixture of astrological forces and political authority in the formulas of the Seleucid treaty may have influenced Selden's important later work on the role of numinous forces in legal process. Accordingly, this paper reads Selden's commentary on fortune and politics in his edition of the Marmora Arundelliana in the context of his other writings on ancient religion and law.

Jan Waszink

j.waszink@let.ru.nl

Tacitism: high culture or sub-culture?

This paper will address the question of the place of Tacitism in the mental world of the 16th and 17th centuries. Though the influence of Tacitus and Tacitism in the scholarly and intellectual domains and elite culture of that period cannot be doubted, it is unclear at present to what extent Tacitism was accepted outside those spheres, and with which local and chronological variations. In the mirror of the surviving literature, Tacitism appears as a crucial, widespread and influential, phenomenon. The list of Tacitean authors and works is long and contains several of the most significant names of the period. However, the surviving written and printed material does not give a representative picture of the intellectual world of the early-modern period. The tense relationships between Tacitism and many other modes of moral and political thought, the unwillingness of the religious orthodox to accept 'Machiavellism', and the severe difficulties that many Tacitist works, or their authors, met with at publication, suggest that the world at large was generally much less sympathetic, if not unsympathetic to Tacitism, and that there existed something of a separation between mainstream or received political thought on the one hand, and Tacitism (and Reason of State) on the other. For example, Justus Lipsius had to devise a complicated literary format for his Politica as a smokescreen to veil its contents; Hugo Grotius' Tacitist history of the Dutch Revolt was not published by those who commissioned it (the States of Holland) when it was finished; in England for example John Hayward, Thomas May, Fulke Greville, and the Dutch scholar Isaac Dorislaus experienced severe difficulties; the Italians Boccalini and Sarpi could only publish their works from the 'safe haven' of Venice, which stood itself in a relationship of conflict with bigger powers in Europe.

Dr. Ari Wesseling

Buiksloterweg 30

NL 1031 CK Amsterdam

The Netherlands

A.H.Wesseling@uva.nl

The Impact of Italian Humanist Literature on Erasmus' Works

Erasmus frequently refers to Italian humanists, above all in letters and in his treatise on imitation, the Ciceronianus, which contains an elaborate stylistic critique of contemporary authors. His relations with them have been the ohject of extensive research. But what about his actual use of their works? Now that two impressive editorial projects – the ASD critical edition and the Toronto based translation project – are well underway, it seems feasible to formulate a tentative answer. The problem is how to handle the relevant materials, which range from direct quotations to silent borrowings. The former class is represented most prominently by Lorenzo Valla, the author of the Elegantiae and notes to the New Testament. The latter class, more problematic in terms of identification, is best represented, probably, by Angelo Poliziano, who was arguably Erasmus' chief model of style. Traces of his writings (above all the Miscellanea and letters) are found in works as diverse as the Praise of Folly and the Adagia. In this paper I shall also discuss eventual borrowings from Marsilio Ficino in Praise of Folly and Colloquia, and from Giov. Pico in the Adagia.

Marjorie Curry Woods

Dept. of English

University of Texas in Austin

1 University Station B5000

AUSTIN, Texas, 78712 USA

jorie@mail.utexas.edu

The Analysis of Classical Literary Speeches as Orationes in the Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Classroom

In some late fourteenth- and fifteenth-century manuscripts of classical texts, teacher-commentators have divided particular speeches into both traditional and non-traditional partes orationis. In Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense 685, for example, three speeches in Virgil's Aeneid are divided into rhetorical parts: Dido's first speech to Aeneas and Venus's instructions to Ascanius in Book 1, and Aeneas's speech announcing the funeral games in Book 5. In the copy of the Achilleid of Statius in Rome, Biblioteca Vallicelliana B. 30, five speeches from throughout the text are so identified.

These identifications appear to be a distinct aspect of classroom discussion, separate from but complementary to the interlinear glosses and short marginal comments found throughout these manuscripts.

I would like to explore some of the implications of these identifications of the parts of a speech for the teaching of the classics during this period. I suggest that they may have served as instructions for classroom delivery and composition assignments as well as indications of interpretive strategies, and I welcome suggestions of other possible uses and applications.

Christine Wulf

Inschriftenkommission

Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen

Theaterstr. 7

37073 Göttingen

cwulf@gwdg.de

Spätbürgerlicher Humanismus in Inschriften

Die Haus- und Grabinschriften des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts überliefern in großer Zahl neulateinische Dichtungen und Prosatexte. Ihre Auftraggeber gehören überwiegend den Ratsfamilien und der bürgerlichen Führungselite in den Städten an, die vor allem im Gefolge der Reformation mit der Wahl einer lateinischen Inschrift ihr Bildungsbewußtsein zum Ausdruck bringen. Die Verfasser, in der Regel Absolventen der höheren Fakultäten, bleiben meistens anonym und haben am übrigen Literaturbetrieb keinen aktiven Anteil, sind aber letztlich diejenigen, die als Träger des bürgerlichen Späthumanismus abseits der akademischen Zentren in den Residenzen und Städten wirksam werden. Die Texte bieten bildungsgeschichtlich höchst interessante Zeugnisse für verschiedenartige Quellen: sowohl antike Werke, oft vermittelt über die im 16. Jahrhundert erscheinenden Florilegien und Sprichwörtersammlungen, aber auch neulateinische Adaptationen klassischer Stoffe und Themen finden – vielfach kombiniert mit Bildprogrammen – Eingang in die Inschriften des späten 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. Grundlage des Vortrags ist die Edition der neulateinischen Texte im Corpus "Die Deutschen Inschriften".

Svorad Zavarsky

Pavla Horova 24

841 08 Bratislava

Slovakia

svorad.zavarsky@savba.sk

Confessional Polemic as a Neo-Latin Genre: The Example of Opuscula Polemica by Martinus Szent-Ivany from the Turn of the 18th Century

Confessional polemics represent an important part of the Neo-Latin tradition of Slovakia in the 16th–18h centuries. Some of these texts were published in several language variants (Latin, Hungarian, German and Slovak) as parallel texts and some were later translations either from or even to Latin. In this way, Latin literature with religious content played a significant role in the vernacular literary tradition of Slovakia. Of course, majority of these polemical texts were written solely in Latin and remained without any vernacular connections. Martinus Szent-Ivany (1633-1705), a jesuit polyhistor and university teacher in Trnava (Tyrnavia), wrote more than twenty polemics that were published in Trnava, Vienna, Louvain and elsewhere, and was awarded a medal for his polemical achievements by a German prince. Refutations of several of his texts came from Augsburg and Königsberg. This paper will be focused on the structures and literary shape of Szent-Ivany's polemical discourse with special regard to the polemical loci communes as well as to figures of speech and biblical and patristic sources of quotation.

Peter Zeeberg

Society for Danish Language and Literature

Christians Brygge 1

1219 København K

Denmark

pz@dsl.dk

Code-switching in spoken Latin from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

For obvious reasons no examples of authentic spoken Latin have been preserved from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. But certain texts may to some degree reflect such spoken Latin. Among these are the minutes from the professors' meetings at the university of Copenhagen (extant in toto from 1599, in excerpts from 1543), in which the youngest professor wrote detailed reports of what was said at these meetings. Apparently the reports were written directly during the meetings. These texts are bilingual (Latin/Danish) in such a way that the language switches from sentence to sentence or (often) in mid-sentence – a feature which is well known from present day bilingual societies. The paper will discuss to what degree this material may be regarded as a reflection of authentic spoken Latin among seventeenth-century academics, and to what degree methods developed for the study of present day code-switching in spoken language can be applied to this kind of texts.